Marzooghi Solmaz, Di Toro Dominic M
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA.
Environ Toxicol Chem. 2017 May;36(5):1138-1148. doi: 10.1002/etc.3722. Epub 2017 Feb 2.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are known to exhibit photo-induced toxicity. Hundreds to thousands of PAH parent and substituted compounds are found in the environment, and developing a predictive model applicable to a wide variety of PAHs and organisms is a necessary precursor to environmental risk assessments. There has been evolutionary progress in phototoxicity modeling since 1977. In the present study, a comprehensive review of the models developed to predict phototoxicity of PAHs is presented. The contributions of each of the models to the state of the art are discussed. The models are compared in terms of their scope of applicability to different organisms, PAHs, endpoints (median lethal time and median lethal concentration), and light conditions. The current state of the science that accounts for the key elements of phototoxicity modeling, including the differences in species sensitivity, the partitioning of PAHs into the target lipid of the organisms, and light absorption by the chemicals, as well as light exposure time and conditions, is discussed. In addition, the remaining issues that need to be addressed are explored: the effect of time-varying exposures to light and PAH concentrations, and the lack of a mechanistic understanding that can explain the failure of the Bunsen-Roscoe law of reciprocity. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:1138-1148. © 2016 SETAC.
多环芳烃（PAHs）具有光致毒性。环境中存在数百至数千种PAH母体化合物和取代化合物，因此开发一种适用于多种PAHs和生物体的预测模型是环境风险评估的必要前提。自1977年以来，光毒性建模取得了不断发展。在本研究中，我们对已开发的用于预测PAHs光毒性的模型进行了全面综述。讨论了每个模型对当前技术水平的贡献。从不同生物体、PAHs、终点指标（半数致死时间和半数致死浓度）以及光照条件的适用范围等方面对这些模型进行了比较。探讨了光毒性建模关键要素的当前科学现状，包括物种敏感性差异、PAHs在生物体目标脂质中的分配、化学物质的光吸收以及光照时间和条件等。此外，还探讨了有待解决的其他问题：光照和PAH浓度随时间变化的暴露影响，以及缺乏能够解释本生-罗斯科互易律失效的机理理解。《环境毒理学与化学》2017年；36:1138 - 1148。© 2016 SETAC。
