Fiorello Christine V, Straub Mary H, Schwartz Laura M, Liu James, Campbell Amanda, Kownacki Alexa K, Foley Janet E
One Health Institute, USA.
Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, USA.
Acta Trop. 2017 Mar;167:183-190. doi: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.12.020. Epub 2016 Dec 21.
Nicaragua's Bosawás Biosphere Reserve is a vast forested area inhabited largely by indigenous Mayangna and Miskitu people. Most Bosawás residents rely on subsistence hunting and swidden agriculture, and hunting dogs are important for finding and securing wild game. We investigated the health of hunting dogs in three communities differing in location, size, and economy. Dogs in all communities were nutritionally compromised and experienced a heavy burden of disease. Seroprevalence of canine distemper, canine parvovirus, Rickettsia rickettsii, and Leptospira spp. exceeded 50% of dogs. At least one dog was actively shedding leptospires in urine, and many dogs were anemic and/or dehydrated. These dogs interact with wildlife in the forest and humans and domestic livestock in the communities, and may therefore serve as sources of zoonotic and wildlife diseases. Bosawás represents one of the largest intact tracts of habitat for jaguars (Panthera onca) in Central America, and given that these communities are located within the forest, jaguars may be at risk from disease spillover from hunting dogs. Dog owners reported that four of 49 dogs had been attacked and killed by jaguars in the past year, and that retaliatory killing of jaguars was sometimes practiced. Disease spillover from dogs to wildlife could occur both in the course of dogs' hunting activities as well as during jaguar attacks. A better understanding of dog depredation by jaguars, pathogen exposure in jaguars, and a management strategy for the hunting dog population, are urgently needed to mitigate these dual threats to jaguars, improve the lives of hunting dogs, and safeguard the health of their owners.
尼加拉瓜的博萨瓦斯生物保护区是一片广袤的森林地区，主要居住着马扬纳和米斯基托族原住民。博萨瓦斯的大多数居民依靠自给性狩猎和刀耕火种农业为生，猎犬对于寻找和捕获野生动物至关重要。我们调查了三个在地理位置、规模和经济状况上存在差异的社区中猎犬的健康状况。所有社区的犬只均存在营养问题，且疾病负担沉重。犬瘟热、犬细小病毒、立氏立克次体和钩端螺旋体属的血清阳性率超过了50%。至少有一只犬正在尿液中积极排出钩端螺旋体，许多犬患有贫血和/或脱水。这些犬与森林中的野生动物以及社区中的人类和家畜相互作用，因此可能成为人畜共患病和野生动物疾病的传染源。博萨瓦斯是中美洲美洲豹（Panthera onca）最大的完整栖息地之一，鉴于这些社区位于森林内，美洲豹可能面临来自猎犬疾病传播的风险。犬主报告称，在过去一年中，49只犬中有4只遭到美洲豹袭击并死亡，而且有时会对美洲豹进行报复性捕杀。犬类向野生动物的疾病传播可能发生在犬的狩猎活动过程中，也可能发生在美洲豹的攻击过程中。迫切需要更好地了解美洲豹对犬的捕食、美洲豹接触病原体的情况以及猎犬种群的管理策略，以减轻对美洲豹的这双重威胁，改善猎犬的生活，并保障其主人的健康。
