Furtado Mariana Malzoni, Gennari Solange Maria, Ikuta Cassia Yumi, Jácomo Anah Tereza de Almeida, de Morais Zenaide Maria, Pena Hilda Fátima de Jesus, Porfírio Grasiela Edith de Oliveira, Silveira Leandro, Sollmann Rahel, de Souza Gisele Oliveira, Tôrres Natália Mundim, Ferreira Neto José Soares
Jaguar Conservation Fund/ Instituto Onça-Pintada, Mineiros, Goiás, Brasil.
Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil.
PLoS One. 2015 Nov 25;10(11):e0143816. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143816. eCollection 2015.
This study investigated the exposure of jaguar populations and domestic animals to smooth Brucella, Leptospira spp. and Toxoplasma gondii in the Cerrado, Pantanal and Amazon biomes of Brazil. Between February 2000 and January 2010, serum samples from 31 jaguars (Panthera onca), 1,245 cattle (Bos taurus), 168 domestic dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) and 29 domestic cats (Felis catus) were collected and analysed by rose bengal test for smooth Brucella, microscopic agglutination test for Leptospira spp. and modified agglutination test for T. gondii. Cattle populations from all sites (9.88%) were exposed to smooth Brucella, but only one jaguar from Cerrado was exposed to this agent. Jaguars captured in the Cerrado (60.0%) and in the Pantanal (45.5%) were seropositive for different serovars of Leptospira spp., cattle (72.18%) and domestic dogs (13.1%) from the three sites and one domestic cat from Pantanal were also seropositive for the agent. The most prevalent serotype of Leptospira spp. identified in jaguars from the Cerrado (Grippotyphosa) and the Pantanal (Pomona) biomes were distinct from those found in the domestic animals sampled. Jaguars (100%), domestic dogs (38.28%) and domestic cats (82.76%) from the three areas were exposed to T. gondii. Our results show that brucellosis and leptospirosis could have been transmitted to jaguars by domestic animals; and jaguars probably play an important role in the maintenance of T. gondii in nature.
本研究调查了巴西塞拉多、潘塔纳尔湿地和亚马逊生物群落中美洲豹种群及家畜对光滑布鲁氏菌、钩端螺旋体属和刚地弓形虫的暴露情况。2000年2月至2010年1月期间，采集了31只美洲豹（美洲豹）、1245头牛（黄牛）、168只家犬（家犬）和29只家猫（家猫）的血清样本，通过孟加拉玫瑰红试验检测光滑布鲁氏菌、显微镜凝集试验检测钩端螺旋体属以及改良凝集试验检测刚地弓形虫。所有地点的牛群（9.88%）暴露于光滑布鲁氏菌，但只有一只来自塞拉多的美洲豹暴露于该病原体。在塞拉多（60.0%）和潘塔纳尔湿地（45.5%）捕获的美洲豹对不同血清型的钩端螺旋体属呈血清阳性，来自三个地点的牛（72.18%）和家犬（13.1%）以及一只来自潘塔纳尔湿地的家猫对该病原体也呈血清阳性。在塞拉多生物群落（格氏疏螺旋体）和潘塔纳尔湿地生物群落（波摩那钩端螺旋体）中检测到的美洲豹体内最常见的钩端螺旋体血清型与在家畜样本中发现的血清型不同。来自三个地区的美洲豹（100%）、家犬（38.28%）和家猫（82.76%）暴露于刚地弓形虫。我们的结果表明，布鲁氏菌病和钩端螺旋体病可能已通过家畜传播给美洲豹；并且美洲豹可能在自然界中维持刚地弓形虫的存在方面发挥重要作用。
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