Kupferman Juan C, Zafeiriou Dimitrios I, Lande Marc B, Kirkham Fenella J, Pavlakis Steven G
1 Department of Pediatrics, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
2 1st Department of Pediatrics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
J Child Neurol. 2017 Mar;32(4):408-417. doi: 10.1177/0883073816685240. Epub 2016 Dec 26.
Hypertension is the single most important modifiable risk factor for adult stroke. Stroke mortality has significantly decreased over the last 5 decades; this decline has been mainly associated to improved blood pressure control. Though much less prevalent than in adults, stroke is an increasingly recognized cause of morbidity and mortality in children. Although hypertension has not been strongly identified as a risk factor in childhood stroke yet, there is preliminary evidence that suggests that elevated blood pressure may be associated with stroke in children. This review summarizes the literature that may link elevated blood pressure to the development of childhood ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. The authors suggest that elevated blood pressure may be a significant risk factor that, alone or in combination with other multiple risk factors, leads to the development of stroke in childhood. It is therefore recommend that blood pressure be measured and assessed carefully in every child presenting with acute stroke.
高血压是成人中风最重要的可改变风险因素。在过去50年中，中风死亡率显著下降；这种下降主要与血压控制的改善有关。虽然中风在儿童中的发病率远低于成人，但它日益被认为是儿童发病和死亡的一个原因。尽管高血压尚未被明确认定为儿童中风的风险因素，但有初步证据表明，血压升高可能与儿童中风有关。这篇综述总结了可能将血压升高与儿童缺血性和出血性中风的发生联系起来的文献。作者认为，血压升高可能是一个重要的风险因素，单独或与其他多种风险因素共同作用，会导致儿童中风的发生。因此，建议对每一位急性中风患儿都要仔细测量和评估血压。
