Chirinda Witness, Zungu Nompumelelo
Research Manager, Health Systems Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa.
Research Director, Human Sciences Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa.
Reprod Health Matters. 2016 Nov;24(48):14-24. doi: 10.1016/j.rhm.2016.11.004. Epub 2016 Dec 5.
Little is known about sexual activity in old age, particularly in Africa. The objective of this paper is to estimate years of sexually active life for older men and women, and examine the association between sexual activity and self-rated health status. Data were extracted from two large cross sectional HIV household surveys conducted in 2005 and 2012 in South Africa. The Sullivan method was used to estimate sexually active life expectancy, whilst logistic regression was used to assess associations with sexual activity. Sexually active life expectancy was higher among men across all the age groups in both surveys. At age 50, the sexually active life expectancy for men was double that for women - 2005 (12.6 vs. 5.9 years), 2012 (12.7 vs. 7.2 years). Self-rated health was significantly associated with sexual activity in men (adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) 1.56; 95% CI 1.11-2.19; p<0.001). Among older women, moderate exercise was associated with being sexual active, while HIV infection was significantly associated with reduced sexual activity. The presence of chronic conditions was also significantly associated with reduced sexual activity among men. The results confirm that older adults are sexually active, and that factors associated with sexual activity are different for men and women. HIV among women and chronic conditions among men are areas of intervention to improve sexual activity in older people.
人们对老年人的性活动知之甚少，尤其是在非洲。本文的目的是估计老年男性和女性的性活跃年限，并研究性活动与自评健康状况之间的关联。数据取自2005年和2012年在南非进行的两项大型艾滋病毒家庭横断面调查。采用沙利文方法估计性活跃预期寿命，同时使用逻辑回归评估与性活动的关联。在两项调查的所有年龄组中，男性的性活跃预期寿命都更高。在50岁时，男性的性活跃预期寿命是女性的两倍——2005年（12.6年对5.9年），2012年（12.7年对7.2年）。自评健康与男性的性活动显著相关（调整后的优势比（aOR）为1.56；95%置信区间为1.11 - 2.19；p<0.001）。在老年女性中，适度运动与性活跃相关，而艾滋病毒感染与性活动减少显著相关。慢性病的存在也与男性性活动减少显著相关。结果证实老年人有性活动，而且与性活动相关的因素在男性和女性中有所不同。女性中的艾滋病毒感染和男性中的慢性病是改善老年人性活动的干预领域。
