Sellers Holly S
Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 953 College Station Road, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
Vet Microbiol. 2017 Jul;206:152-156. doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2016.12.014. Epub 2016 Dec 13.
Avian reoviruses are the causative agent of viral arthritis/tenosynovitis in chickens and turkeys. Clinical signs of disease include swelling of the hock joints accompanied by lesions in the gastrocnemius and digital flexor tendons causing lameness in addition to hydropericardium. The economic impact is significant as it results in poor weight gain, increased feed conversion ratios and condemnations at the processing plant. Vaccination with both live attenuated and inactivated oil emulsion vaccines have been used successfully for decades to control the disease. Current commercial vaccine strains belong to the same serotype and are antigenically and serologically distinct from circulating variant field viruses isolated from clinical cases of tenosynovitis. Since 2012, there has been a dramatic increase in the number of clinical cases of tenosynovitis in commercial poultry and commercial vaccines are unable to provide adequate levels of protection against disease. Producers have elected to use custom inactivated vaccines in the absence of any commercially available homologous vaccines. Identification and selection of field isolates for use in autogenous vaccines can be difficult especially when multiple reoviruses are co-circulating among flocks. In addition, field data suggests that in some cases the custom vaccines are providing adequate protection against disease but as new genetic variants emerge, new vaccines are needed.
禽呼肠孤病毒是鸡和火鸡病毒性关节炎/腱鞘炎的病原体。该病的临床症状包括跗关节肿胀，同时腓肠肌和指屈肌腱出现病变，除心包积水外还会导致跛行。其经济影响重大，因为它会导致体重增加缓慢、饲料转化率提高以及加工厂的产品被拒收。数十年来，使用减毒活疫苗和灭活油乳剂疫苗进行接种已成功控制了该病。目前的商业疫苗株属于同一血清型，在抗原性和血清学上与从腱鞘炎临床病例中分离出的循环变异野毒株不同。自2012年以来，商业家禽中腱鞘炎临床病例的数量急剧增加，而商业疫苗无法提供足够的疾病防护水平。在没有任何市售同源疫苗的情况下，生产商选择使用定制的灭活疫苗。用于自体疫苗的野毒株的鉴定和选择可能很困难，尤其是当多种呼肠孤病毒在鸡群中共同传播时。此外，现场数据表明，在某些情况下，定制疫苗能提供足够的疾病防护，但随着新的基因变异出现，需要新的疫苗。
