Therapeutics Research Centre, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, QLD, 4102, Australia; School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.
Therapeutics Research Centre, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, QLD, 4102, Australia.
J Control Release. 2017 Feb 10;247:86-105. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.12.022. Epub 2016 Dec 23.
The goal of topical and cutaneous delivery is to deliver therapeutic and other substances to a desired target site in the skin at appropriate doses to achieve a safe and efficacious outcome. Normally, however, when the stratum corneum is intact and the skin barrier is uncompromised, this is limited to molecules that are relatively lipophilic, small and uncharged, thereby excluding many potentially useful therapeutic peptides, proteins, vaccines, gene fragments or drug-carrying particles. In this review we will describe how nanosystems are being increasingly exploited for topical and cutaneous delivery, particularly for these previously difficult substances. This is also being driven by the development of novel technologies, which include minimally invasive delivery systems and more precise fabrication techniques. While there is a vast array of nanosystems under development and many undergoing advanced clinical trials, relatively few have achieved full translation to clinical practice. This slow uptake may be due, in part, to the need for a rigorous demonstration of safety in these new nanotechnologies. Some of the safety aspects associated with nanosystems will be considered in this review.
局部和皮肤递药的目的是将治疗物质和其他物质递送到皮肤中的目标部位，以达到适当的剂量，实现安全有效的结果。然而，通常情况下，当角质层完整且皮肤屏障不受损害时，这仅限于相对亲脂性、小且不带电荷的分子，从而排除了许多潜在有用的治疗性肽、蛋白质、疫苗、基因片段或载药颗粒。在这篇综述中，我们将描述纳米系统如何越来越多地被用于局部和皮肤递药，特别是对于这些以前难以递药的物质。这也是由新型技术的发展推动的，包括微创递送系统和更精确的制造技术。虽然有大量的纳米系统正在开发中，并且许多正在进行高级临床试验，但相对较少的纳米系统已完全转化为临床实践。这种缓慢的采用可能部分是由于需要在这些新技术中严格证明安全性。本文将考虑与纳米系统相关的一些安全性方面。
