Overall Nickola C, McNulty James K
University of Auckland.
Florida State University.
Curr Opin Psychol. 2017 Feb;13:1-5. doi: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2016.03.002.
What constitutes effective communication during conflict? Answering this question requires (a) clarifying whether communication expresses opposition versus cooperation and is direct versus indirect, (b) assessing the mechanisms through which communication effects relationships, and (c) identifying the contextual factors that determine the impact of communication. Recent research incorporating these components illustrates that direct opposition is beneficial when serious problems need to be addressed and partners are able to change, but can be harmful when partners are not confident or secure enough to be responsive. In contrast, cooperative communication involving affection and validation can be harmful when serious problems need to changed, but may be beneficial when problems are minor, cannot be changed, or involve partners whose defensiveness curtails problem solving.
在冲突期间，什么构成有效的沟通？回答这个问题需要：（a）明确沟通是表达反对还是合作，是直接还是间接；（b）评估沟通影响关系的机制；（c）确定决定沟通影响的背景因素。最近纳入这些要素的研究表明，当需要解决严重问题且双方能够改变时，直接反对是有益的，但当双方没有足够信心或安全感来做出回应时，可能是有害的。相比之下，涉及情感和认可的合作性沟通在需要改变严重问题时可能是有害的，但当问题较小、无法改变或涉及防御性阻碍问题解决的双方时，可能是有益的。
