Peters Brett J, Overall Nickola C, Gresham Abriana M, Tudder Ashley, Chang Valerie T, Reis Harry T, Jamieson Jeremy P
Ohio University, Athens, OH USA.
University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
Affect Sci. 2024 Jan 30;5(2):69-81. doi: 10.1007/s42761-024-00235-3. eCollection 2024 Jun.
The biopsychosocial model of challenge and threat emphasizes how individuals appraise stress. Close relationship theories emphasize the interpersonal context, communication, and outcomes that arise from stress. We integrate these approaches by examining the individual variability surrounding appraisals of sufficient (more challenge, less threat) or insufficient (more threat, less challenge) resources to cope with demands and examining how these appraisals are associated with couples' behavior and feelings toward each other. Across three studies, 459 romantic couples ( = 918), and various potentially stressful in-lab conversations (extra-dyadic problem, dislikes about each other, dependability, and relationship conflict), we found evidence that stress appraisals indicative of more challenge and less threat were associated with more approach- and less avoidance-oriented behaviors within interactions. These approach- and avoidance-oriented behaviors were associated with greater feelings of relationship security and well-being after the conversation. However, whose (actors or partners) appraisals and behaviors were associated with security and well-being varied across the three studies. This work provides theoretical and empirical evidence for an interpersonal emphasis on intraindividual stress appraisal processes through a dyadic and close relationships lens. Our integrative theoretical framework breaks away from the idea that stress is inherently "bad" or "maladaptive" to show that appraising stress as more manageable (more challenge, less threat) is associated with more relationship behaviors that approach incentives and less that avoid threats and enhance feelings of relationship security and well-being.
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42761-024-00235-3.
挑战与威胁的生物心理社会模型强调个体如何评估压力。亲密关系理论强调人际背景、沟通以及压力产生的结果。我们通过考察围绕应对需求的充足（更多挑战、更少威胁）或不足（更多威胁、更少挑战）资源评估的个体差异，并研究这些评估如何与夫妻间的行为以及彼此的感受相关联，将这些方法整合起来。在三项研究中，我们对459对浪漫情侣（n = 918）以及各种潜在压力较大的实验室对话（二元外问题、相互厌恶、可靠性和关系冲突）进行了研究，发现有证据表明，在互动中，表明更多挑战和更少威胁的压力评估与更多的趋近导向行为和更少的回避导向行为相关。这些趋近导向和回避导向行为与对话后更高的关系安全感和幸福感相关。然而，在这三项研究中，评估和行为与安全感和幸福感相关的是哪一方（行动者或伴侣）有所不同。这项工作通过二元和亲密关系视角，为人际层面强调个体内部压力评估过程提供了理论和实证依据。我们的综合理论框架摒弃了压力本质上“有害”或“适应不良”的观念，表明将压力评估为更易于管理（更多挑战、更少威胁）与更多趋近激励因素的关系行为相关，而更少回避威胁的行为相关，并能增强关系安全感和幸福感。
在线版本包含可在10.1007/s42761-024-00235-3获取的补充材料。
