Lynch Kyle R, Kemper Han C G, Turi-Lynch Bruna, Agostinete Ricardo R, Ito Igor H, Luiz-De-Marco Rafael, Rodrigues-Junior Mario A, Fernandes Rômulo A
a Laboratory of InVestigation in Exercise (LIVE), Department of Physical Education , Sao Paulo State University (UNESP) , Presidente Prudente , Brazil.
b Post-Graduation Program in Kinesiology, Institute of Biosciences , Sao Paulo State University (UNESP) , Rio Claro , Brazil.
J Sports Sci. 2017 Dec;35(24):2421-2426. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2016.1272708. Epub 2016 Dec 27.
The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of different sports on stress fractures among adolescents during a 9-month follow-up period. The sample was composed of 184 adolescents divided into three groups (impact sports [n = 102]; swimming [n = 35]; non-sports [n = 47]). The occurrence of stress fracture was reported by participants and coaches. As potential confounders we considered age, sex, resistance training, body composition variables and age at peak of height velocity. There were 13 adolescents who reported fractures during the 9-month period. Bone mineral density values were higher in adolescents engaged in impact sports (P-value = 0.002). Independently of confounders, the risk of stress fracture was lower in adolescents engaged in impact sports than in non-active adolescents (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.23 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.05 to 0.98]), while swimming practice was not associated to lower risk of fracture (HR = 0.49 [95% CI = 0.09 to 2.55]). In conclusion, the findings from this study indicate the importance of sports participation among adolescents in the reduction of stress fracture risk, especially with impact sports. More importantly, these results could be relevant for recognising adolescents in danger of not reaching their potential for peak bone mass and later an increased risk of fractures.
本研究的目的是在9个月的随访期内，调查不同运动对青少年应力性骨折的影响。样本由184名青少年组成，分为三组（冲击性运动组[n = 102]；游泳组[n = 35]；非运动组[n = 47]）。参与者和教练报告了应力性骨折的发生情况。作为潜在的混杂因素，我们考虑了年龄、性别、阻力训练、身体成分变量以及身高速度峰值时的年龄。在这9个月期间，有13名青少年报告发生了骨折。从事冲击性运动的青少年骨密度值更高（P值 = 0.002）。独立于混杂因素，从事冲击性运动的青少年发生应力性骨折的风险低于不运动的青少年（风险比[HR] = 0.23 [95%置信区间(CI) = 0.05至0.98]），而游泳练习与较低的骨折风险无关（HR = 0.49 [95% CI = 0.09至2.55]）。总之，本研究结果表明青少年参与运动对于降低应力性骨折风险很重要，尤其是冲击性运动。更重要的是，这些结果可能有助于识别有无法达到其峰值骨量潜力以及日后骨折风险增加危险的青少年。
