Buenaventura Eliana, Pape Thomas
Natural History Museum of Denmark, Zoological Museum, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, United States.
Natural History Museum of Denmark, Zoological Museum, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2017 Feb;107:619-629. doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2016.12.028. Epub 2016 Dec 24.
The flesh-fly genus Sarcophaga is extremely diverse and contains ca. 30% of the species in the family Sarcophagidae (∼3000 species). The phylogenetic position of the genus-group taxa Helicobia, Lipoptilocnema, and Peckia remains uncertain with respect to the hyperdiverse Sarcophaga, due to conflicting phylogenetic trees and insufficient sampling in recent studies. We present maximum-likelihood and Bayesian phylogenetic analyses of 145 species of 48 subgenera of the genus Sarcophaga from all biogeographic regions based on the molecular markers COI, 28 D1-D3 expansion regions, EF1α, and white. Our analyses find (Lipoptilocnema+Peckia) as the sister group of the monophyletic Sarcophaga. The genus Helicobia is placed outside Sarcophaga. Our hypotheses suggest that the ancestor shared by Sarcophaga and its sister clade originated in the Neotropical region, and the subsequent range expansion might be related to the formation of the Isthmus of Panama. This study supports the monophyly of most of the subgenera of Sarcophaga included here, and it shows the evolution of this genus to be a rapid radiation occurring in the Nearctic region with a subsequent dispersal into the Old World. The subgeneric clusters within Sarcophaga are in agreement with the current classification, with only Mauritiella, Rosellea, Helicophagella, Liosarcophaga, and Sarcorohdendorfia being non-monophyletic. We also validate the monotypic condition of 10 subgenera.
麻蝇属（Sarcophaga）极为多样，包含了麻蝇科约30%的物种（约3000种）。由于系统发育树相互冲突且近期研究中的采样不足，类群Helicobia、Lipoptilocnema和Peckia相对于高度多样化的麻蝇属而言，其系统发育位置仍不确定。我们基于分子标记COI、28个D1 - D3扩增区域、EF1α和白色基因，对来自所有生物地理区域的麻蝇属48个亚属的145个物种进行了最大似然法和贝叶斯系统发育分析。我们的分析发现（Lipoptilocnema + Peckia）是单系的麻蝇属的姐妹群。Helicobia属位于麻蝇属之外。我们的假设表明，麻蝇属及其姐妹进化枝的共同祖先起源于新热带地区，随后的范围扩张可能与巴拿马地峡的形成有关。本研究支持了这里所包含的麻蝇属大多数亚属的单系性，并且表明该属的进化是在新北区发生的快速辐射，随后扩散到旧世界。麻蝇属内的亚属聚类与当前分类一致，只有毛里求斯麻蝇属（Mauritiella）、罗塞利麻蝇属（Rosellea）、嗜螺麻蝇属（Helicophagella）、光麻蝇属（Liosarcophaga）和萨克罗赫登多夫麻蝇属（Sarcorohdendorfia）不是单系的。我们还验证了10个亚属的单型状态。
