Fomum Sylvester W, Nsahlai Ignatius V
Animal and Poultry Science, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, 127 Rabie Saunders Building, Private bag X01, Scottsville, KY, 3209, USA.
PMB Campus of UKZN, Pietermaritzburg, Republic of South Africa.
Trop Anim Health Prod. 2017 Feb;49(2):375-382. doi: 10.1007/s11250-016-1203-6. Epub 2016 Dec 27.
This study determined in vitro anthelmintic efficacy of three plant species: Trema orientalis, Urtica dioica and Zanthozylum capense on nematode larvae of small ruminants. Dried leaf samples (40 g) were extracted in 70% ethanol, in portions of 10 g and concentrated to 100 ml. Half and one quarter of the original crude extract were both made to 100 ml. Rectal faecal material from 10 Merino sheep and 25 Nguni goats was pooled within species and thoroughly hand-mixed. Dung samples, each of 5 g were cultured for 12 days at 27 °C. On day 13, 4 plates were watered and 4 others treated with ethanol to correct for solvent effect on mortality. The design was 2 (animal species) × 3 (plant species) × 3 (extract concentrations). In each of three runs, three plates were treated with each crude extract in three incremental concentrations. Surviving L3 larvae were isolated, counted and mortalities became indices of anthelmintic efficacy. Data from nematode larval mortality were analysed to determine the effect of animal species, plant species, concentration and their interactions. Efficacy was affected by concentration (P = 0.0001), animal species (P = 0.0046), plant species (P = 0.0572), the interactions of animal species and concentration (P = 0.0010), plant species and concentration (P = 0.0123) and concentration × animal × plant species (P = 0.0435).
本研究测定了三种植物（山黄麻、异株荨麻和南非花椒）对小反刍动物线虫幼虫的体外驱虫效果。将40克干叶样品分成10克一份，用70%乙醇提取，浓缩至100毫升。将原始粗提物的一半和四分之一均制成100毫升溶液。将10只美利奴绵羊和25只努比山羊的直肠粪便按物种汇集并充分手工混合。每份5克的粪便样品在27℃下培养12天。在第13天，给4个培养皿浇水，另外4个用乙醇处理以校正溶剂对死亡率的影响。实验设计为2（动物物种）×3（植物物种）×3（提取物浓度）。在三次实验的每一次中，用三种递增浓度的每种粗提物处理三个培养皿。分离并计数存活的L3幼虫，死亡率作为驱虫效果的指标。分析线虫幼虫死亡率数据以确定动物物种、植物物种、浓度及其相互作用的影响。效果受浓度（P = 0.0001）、动物物种（P = 0.0046）、植物物种（P = 0.0572）、动物物种与浓度的相互作用（P = 0.0010）、植物物种与浓度的相互作用（P = 0.0123）以及浓度×动物×植物物种（P = 0.0435）的影响。
