Instituto de Investigação Agrária de Moçambique, Direção de Ciências Animais, Maputo, Mozambique.
Exp Parasitol. 2012 Feb;130(2):98-102. doi: 10.1016/j.exppara.2011.12.011. Epub 2011 Dec 27.
The control of parasitic diseases in small ruminants is mainly done with the use of synthetic anthelmintics. However, incorrect and indiscriminate use of these products has caused the emergence of parasite resistance. Plants with anthelmintic activity are used in folk veterinary medicine, but it is necessary to investigate and scientifically validate low-cost phytotherapeutic alternatives for future use to control gastrointestinal nematodes in small ruminants by family farmers. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro anthelmintic effect of plant extracts from Melia azedarach and Trichilia claussenii by the egg hatch test (EHT) and larval development test (LDT) against sheep gastrointestinal nematodes. The hexane extract of M. azedarach fruits was extracted through cold percolation and the methanol extract of T. claussenii leaves was obtained by extraction at room temperature in solvents in order of increasing polarity. The efficacy results were analyzed using the Probit program of SAS. The M. azedarach extract showed a LC(50) of 572.2 μg/mL and LC(99) of 1137.8 μg/mL in the EHT, and LC(50) of 0.7 μg/mL and LC(99) of 60.8 μg/mL in the LDT. In turn, the T. claussenii extract presented a LC(50) of 263.8 μg/mL and LC(99) of 522.5 μg/mL in the EHT and LC(50) of 1.1 μg/mL and LC(99) of 26.4 μg/mL in the LDT. Comparing the extracts of the species from the Meliaceae family, T. claussenii showed greater anti-parasite potential in vitro than M. azedarach. However, studies on the isolated compounds, toxicity and administration forms to animals are also needed to validate low-cost alternative herbal remedies for use to control gastrointestinal nematodes by family farmers.
控制小反刍动物的寄生虫病主要使用合成驱虫药。然而，这些产品的不正确和无差别使用导致了寄生虫耐药性的出现。具有驱虫活性的植物被用于民间兽医，但有必要调查和科学验证低成本植物疗法的替代品，以便未来由家庭农民用于控制小反刍动物的胃肠道线虫。因此，本研究旨在通过卵孵化试验（EHT）和幼虫发育试验（LDT）评估桃金娘科的楝树和三桠苦树植物提取物对绵羊胃肠道线虫的体外驱虫效果。通过冷渗滤法提取楝树果实的正己烷提取物，通过在溶剂中按极性增加的顺序在室温下提取三桠苦树叶的甲醇提取物。使用 SAS 的 Probit 程序分析功效结果。在 EHT 中，楝树提取物的 LC(50)为 572.2 μg/mL，LC(99)为 1137.8 μg/mL，在 LDT 中，LC(50)为 0.7 μg/mL，LC(99)为 60.8 μg/mL。相比之下，三桠苦树提取物在 EHT 中 LC(50)为 263.8 μg/mL，LC(99)为 522.5 μg/mL，在 LDT 中 LC(50)为 1.1 μg/mL，LC(99)为 26.4 μg/mL。比较来自楝科的物种的提取物，三桠苦树在体外显示出比楝树更强的抗寄生虫潜力。然而，还需要对分离的化合物、毒性和动物给药形式进行研究，以验证低成本的植物疗法替代品，以便由家庭农民用于控制胃肠道线虫。
