Biochemistry and Cell Signaling in Nitric Oxide Group, Department of Experimental Biology, Center for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Campus Universitario "Las Lagunillas" s/n, University of Jaén, E-23071, Jaén, Spain.
Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Campus Universitario "Las Lagunillas" s/n, University of Jaén, E-23071, Jaén, Spain.
Nitric Oxide. 2017 Aug 1;68:14-22. doi: 10.1016/j.niox.2016.12.009. Epub 2016 Dec 25.
Stress situations are characterized by a rise in reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen (RNS) species levels. Nitro-fatty acids (NO-FAs), or nitroalkenes, are produced by the interaction of RNS and unsaturated fatty acids, stored in cells, mostly as part of protein-adducted NO-FAs, and are esterified in complex lipids. These molecules, which have been shown to play a pivotal role as anti-inflammatory and pro-survival players, have been widely characterized in animal systems. Recently, it has been reported that NO-FAs play an important role in plant defense against several stress conditions. Furthermore, a significant increase in NO-FA levels has been observed under various inflammatory and stressful conditions in both animal and plant systems. In this study, we describe the in vitro release of NO-FAs from protein-adducts under nitro-oxidative stress conditions. The findings of this study highlight the ability of hydrogen peroxide and peroxynitrite, as representative ROS and RNS molecules induced under stress conditions, to oxidize cysteine-adducted NO-FAs, which is followed by the release of free nitroalkenes. This release may be partly responsible for the increase in NO-FA content observed under different stressful conditions in both animal and plant systems as well as the activation of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties attributed to these molecules.
应激状态的特点是活性氧（ROS）和活性氮（RNS）物质水平升高。硝酰基脂肪酸（NO-FAs）或硝烯，是由 RNS 和不饱和脂肪酸相互作用产生的，储存在细胞中，主要作为蛋白质结合的 NO-FAs 的一部分，并酯化在复合脂质中。这些分子已被证明作为抗炎和促进生存的关键分子发挥作用，在动物系统中得到了广泛的研究。最近，有报道称 NO-FAs 在植物对多种应激条件的防御中起着重要作用。此外，在动物和植物系统的各种炎症和应激条件下，NO-FA 水平显著增加。在这项研究中，我们描述了在硝氧化应激条件下，蛋白质结合物中 NO-FAs 的体外释放。这项研究的结果强调了过氧化氢和过氧亚硝酸盐作为应激条件下诱导的代表性 ROS 和 RNS 分子的能力，能够氧化半胱氨酸结合的 NO-FAs，随后释放游离硝烯。这种释放可能部分解释了在动物和植物系统的不同应激条件下观察到的 NO-FA 含量增加，以及归因于这些分子的抗氧化和抗炎特性的激活。
