Aranda-Caño Lorena, Sánchez-Calvo Beatriz, Begara-Morales Juan C, Chaki Mounira, Mata-Pérez Capilla, Padilla María N, Valderrama Raquel, Barroso Juan B
Group of Biochemistry and Cell Signaling in Nitric Oxide, Department of Experimental Biology, Center for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University Campus Las Lagunillas, University of Jaén, E-23071 Jaén, Spain.
Plants (Basel). 2019 Mar 29;8(4):82. doi: 10.3390/plants8040082.
Nitrate fatty acids (NO₂-FAs) are considered reactive lipid species derived from the non-enzymatic oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids by nitric oxide (NO) and related species. Nitrate fatty acids are powerful biological electrophiles which can react with biological nucleophiles such as glutathione and certain protein⁻amino acid residues. The adduction of NO₂-FAs to protein targets generates a reversible post-translational modification called nitroalkylation. In different animal and human systems, NO₂-FAs, such as nitro-oleic acid (NO₂-OA) and conjugated nitro-linoleic acid (NO₂-cLA), have cytoprotective and anti-inflammatory influences in a broad spectrum of pathologies by modulating various intracellular pathways. However, little knowledge on these molecules in the plant kingdom exists. The presence of NO₂-OA and NO₂-cLA in olives and extra-virgin olive oil and nitro-linolenic acid (NO₂-Ln) in has recently been detected. Specifically, NO₂-Ln acts as a signaling molecule during seed and plant progression and beneath abiotic stress events. It can also release NO and modulate the expression of genes associated with antioxidant responses. Nevertheless, the repercussions of nitroalkylation on plant proteins are still poorly known. In this review, we demonstrate the existence of endogenous nitroalkylation and its effect on the in vitro activity of the antioxidant protein ascorbate peroxidase.
硝酸脂肪酸（NO₂-FAs）被认为是由多不饱和脂肪酸通过一氧化氮（NO）及相关物质进行非酶氧化而产生的反应性脂质物种。硝酸脂肪酸是强大的生物亲电试剂，可与生物亲核试剂如谷胱甘肽和某些蛋白质氨基酸残基发生反应。NO₂-FAs与蛋白质靶点的加合会产生一种称为硝基烷基化的可逆翻译后修饰。在不同的动物和人类系统中，NO₂-FAs，如硝基油酸（NO₂-OA）和共轭硝基亚油酸（NO₂-cLA），通过调节各种细胞内途径，在广泛的病理过程中具有细胞保护和抗炎作用。然而，在植物界对这些分子的了解甚少。最近已检测到橄榄和特级初榨橄榄油中存在NO₂-OA和NO₂-cLA，以及 中存在硝基亚麻酸（NO₂-Ln）。具体而言，NO₂-Ln在种子和植物发育过程以及非生物胁迫事件中作为信号分子发挥作用。它还可以释放NO并调节与抗氧化反应相关的基因表达。然而，硝基烷基化对植物蛋白质的影响仍然知之甚少。在本综述中，我们证明了内源性硝基烷基化的存在及其对抗氧化蛋白抗坏血酸过氧化物酶体外活性的影响。
