Díaz Pablo, Cabanelas Eva, Díaz-Cao José Manuel, Viña Miguel, Béjar Juan Pablo, Pérez-Creo Ana, Prieto Alberto, López Ceferino Manuel, Panadero Rosario, Fernández Gonzalo, Díez-Baños Pablo, Morrondo Patrocinio
Animal Pathology Department (INVESAGA Group), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine. Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Campus Universitario s/n, Lugo, Spain.
Ann Agric Environ Med. 2016 Dec 23;23(4):587-590. doi: 10.5604/12321966.1226851.
Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum are protozoans involved in reproductive failure especially in ruminant livestock. The objective was to estimate the seroprevalence of both parasites in goats from north-western Spain and to study the influence of some factors on seropositivity.
Blood samples from 638 goats were collected in 50 farms. Presence of T. gondii and N. caninum antibodies were detected by direct agglutination and competitiveELISA techniques, respectively. The risk factor analysis was performed using a mixed-effects logistic regression.
Individual (48%) and herd-level (74%) T. gondii seroprevalence values were high; the within-herd prevalence was 53%. In contrast, 6% of animals tested positive to N. caninum and 38% of the herds had at least one positive animal, with a true within-herd prevalence of 10%. Mixed infections were limited; 91% of N. caninum seropositive goats were also positive to T. gondii. The risk factor analysis showed that T. gondii seroprevalence is influenced by the presence of sheep in the farm (OR=4.9) and the seropositivity to N. caninum (OR=16.5); goats from the Central-coastal area, more humid and warm, had a 15.7-fold probability of being seropositive to T. gondii than those from the Mountainous area. Cross-breed goats (OR=4.5) and the seropositivity to T. gondii (OR= 9.5) were factors associated with N. caninum seropositivity.
The high T. gondii seroprevalence in goats constitute a noticeable zoonotic risk. The consideration of the risk factors identified in designing T. gondii and N. caninum control programs in goat herds should allow the implementation of more efficient measures, avoiding the appearance of outbreaks of reproductive disorders by both protozoans in goats.
刚地弓形虫和犬新孢子虫是导致繁殖失败的原生动物，尤其是在反刍家畜中。目的是估计西班牙西北部山羊中这两种寄生虫的血清阳性率，并研究一些因素对血清阳性的影响。
从50个农场的638只山羊采集血样。分别采用直接凝集试验和竞争ELISA技术检测刚地弓形虫和犬新孢子虫抗体。使用混合效应逻辑回归进行危险因素分析。
个体（48%）和群体水平（74%）的刚地弓形虫血清阳性率较高；群体内患病率为53%。相比之下，6%的动物犬新孢子虫检测呈阳性，38%的群体至少有一只阳性动物，群体内实际患病率为10%。混合感染有限；91%的犬新孢子虫血清阳性山羊也对刚地弓形虫呈阳性。危险因素分析表明，刚地弓形虫血清阳性率受农场中绵羊的存在（比值比=4.9）和犬新孢子虫血清阳性（比值比=16.5）影响；来自中部沿海地区（更潮湿温暖）的山羊感染刚地弓形虫的血清阳性概率是山区山羊的15.7倍。杂交山羊（比值比=4.5）和刚地弓形虫血清阳性（比值比=9.5）是与犬新孢子虫血清阳性相关的因素。
山羊中刚地弓形虫的高血清阳性率构成了明显的人畜共患病风险。在设计山羊群中刚地弓形虫和犬新孢子虫控制项目时考虑已确定的危险因素，应能实施更有效的措施，避免这两种原生动物在山羊中引发繁殖障碍疫情。
