Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China.
State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
J Environ Sci (China). 2016 Dec;50:72-78. doi: 10.1016/j.jes.2016.04.023. Epub 2016 Jun 29.
Integrated urban water management (IUWM) is a useful tool that can be used to alleviate water resource shortages in developing regions like Macau, where 98% of the raw water comes from mainland China. In Macau, scarce water resources deteriorate rapidly in emergency situations, such as accidental chemical spills upstream of the supply reservoir or salty tides. During these times, only the water from the two freshwater reservoirs in Macau can be used. In this study, we developed urban water management optimization models that integrated the raw water supply from the two reservoirs with various proposed governmental policies (wastewater reuse, rainwater collection, and water saving). We then determined how various water resource strategies would influence the urban water supply in Macau in emergency situations. Our results showed that, without imported raw water, the water supply from only the two Macau reservoirs would last for 7.95days. However, when all the government policies were included in the model, the supply could be extended to 13.79days. Out of the three non-conventional water resources, wastewater reuse is the most beneficial for increasing the Macau water supply, and rainwater collection also has great potential.
综合城市水务管理（IUWM）是一种有用的工具，可用于缓解澳门等发展中地区的水资源短缺问题，澳门 98%的原水来自中国大陆。在澳门，稀缺的水资源在紧急情况下迅速恶化，例如供应水库上游发生意外化学品泄漏或咸潮。在这些时候，只能使用澳门的两个淡水水库的水。在这项研究中，我们开发了城市水务管理优化模型，将两个水库的原水供应与各种拟议的政府政策（废水再利用、雨水收集和节约用水）相结合。然后，我们确定了各种水资源战略将如何影响澳门在紧急情况下的城市供水。我们的研究结果表明，如果没有进口原水，仅靠澳门的两个水库供水，只能维持 7.95 天。然而，当模型中纳入所有政府政策时，供应可以延长至 13.79 天。在三种非传统水资源中，废水再利用对增加澳门供水最有益，雨水收集也具有巨大潜力。
