Reddy Sanjay M, Izumiya Yoshihiro, Lupiani Blanca
Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, United States.
Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States.
Vet Microbiol. 2017 Jul;206:113-120. doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2016.11.024. Epub 2016 Nov 24.
Marek's disease (MD) is a lymphoproliferative viral disease of chickens, which has been controlled through vaccination since 1969. MD vaccines protect against tumors but do not provide sterilizing immunity, and thus it is generally believed that their use has contributed to increase virulence of field strains with the ability to cause MD in vaccinated chickens. Traditional methods of developing vaccines, like cell culture attenuation, have proved unsuccessful for the development of improved vaccines to protect against highly virulent MD virus (MDV) field strains. With the advent of recombinant DNA technology, it is now possible to study MDV gene function and develop rational vaccines that protect against highly pathogenic strains. In addition, the long term protection conferred by MD vaccines, their excellent safety profile, their efficacy when administered early (at hatch or in ovo), and their ability to overcome maternal antibodies, has made MDV an excellent candidate vector to protect not only against MD but also against other important viral poultry diseases. In this review we will discuss the current status of MD vaccines and their use as vector vaccines to control important viral poultry diseases.
马立克氏病（MD）是鸡的一种淋巴细胞增生性病毒性疾病，自1969年以来一直通过疫苗接种进行控制。MD疫苗可预防肿瘤，但不能提供无菌免疫，因此人们普遍认为，使用这些疫苗导致了田间毒株毒力的增加，使其能够在接种疫苗的鸡中引发MD。传统的疫苗开发方法，如细胞培养减毒，已被证明在开发改进疫苗以预防高致病性MD病毒（MDV）田间毒株方面并不成功。随着重组DNA技术的出现，现在有可能研究MDV基因功能并开发出能够预防高致病性毒株的合理疫苗。此外，MD疫苗提供的长期保护、其出色的安全性、早期（出雏时或在胚胎中）接种时的有效性以及克服母源抗体的能力，使MDV成为一种出色的候选载体，不仅可以预防MD，还可以预防其他重要的病毒性家禽疾病。在这篇综述中，我们将讨论MD疫苗的现状及其作为载体疫苗用于控制重要病毒性家禽疾病的情况。
