Biology Department & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
Chemistry Department & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
Sci Total Environ. 2017 Feb 15;580:1129-1145. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.12.069. Epub 2016 Dec 29.
Carbamazepine (CBZ) is an antiepileptic drug commonly detected in aquatic systems, with toxic effects to inhabiting organisms. Limited information is known on stress response biomarkers associated to bioconcentration and depuration of CBZ in aquatic organisms. Moreover, few studies addressed if the response and recovery of organisms to a contaminant can change when they are collected in a contaminated site. This study intended to understand the bioconcentration and depuration of CBZ combined with its toxicological impact in Scrobicularia plana clams collected from two contrasting areas (MIRA, Mira channel, non-contaminated and LAR, Laranjo bay, anthropogenically impacted) from the Ria de Aveiro (Portugal). The clams were exposed for 14days to environmentally relevant CBZ concentrations (0.0, 4.0 and 8.0μg/L), followed by a 14day depuration period. CBZ concentrations in S. plana tissues were rapidly bioconcentrated during the exposure period. In the depuration period CBZ was eliminated, in some extent. The main toxic effects occurred at the highest concentration (8.0μg/L) after 14days of exposure in which the clams from LAR accumulated a higher CBZ concentration (LAR: ~10ng/g FW) than clams from MIRA (MIRA: ~7ng/g FW). LAR clams exhibited higher oxidative damage at this concentration, demonstrated by higher LPO levels over time (increase of ~1.4% relative to control) and, in comparison with MIRA clams (LAR: 17.7nmol/g FW; MIRA: 11.4nmol/g FW). After the depuration period, LAR clams recovered from the stress induced by CBZ. A decrease in LPO for LAR (decrease of ~40% in relation to the end of the exposure period) was accompanied by a decrease in CBZ tissue concentrations (decrease of ~61% relative to the end of the exposure period). MIRA clams were not oxidatively injured (low LPO levels remained unchanged after the depuration and CBZ decreased ~80% relative to the end of the exposure period).
卡马西平（CBZ）是一种常见的抗癫痫药物，在水生系统中被广泛检测到，对栖息生物具有毒性作用。目前已知的与水生生物体内 CBZ 的生物浓缩和消除相关的应激反应生物标志物有限。此外，很少有研究探讨当生物在污染地点被采集时，它们对污染物的反应和恢复是否会发生变化。本研究旨在了解 Scrobicularia plana 贻贝对 CBZ 的生物浓缩和消除作用，以及 CBZ 在从葡萄牙阿威罗里亚斯湾的两个截然不同的地区（米拉通道的非污染区 MIRA 和受人类影响的拉兰霍湾 LAR）采集的贻贝中的毒理学影响。贻贝在暴露于环境相关 CBZ 浓度（0.0、4.0 和 8.0μg/L）14 天后，进行 14 天的消除期。在暴露期间，贻贝迅速地将 CBZ 生物浓缩在体内。在消除期，CBZ 被部分消除。在暴露 14 天后，最高浓度（8.0μg/L）下贻贝出现了主要的毒性效应，其中来自 LAR 的贻贝积累了更高浓度的 CBZ（LAR：10ng/gFW）比来自 MIRA 的贻贝（MIRA：7ng/gFW）高。在该浓度下，LAR 贻贝的氧化损伤更高，表现为随着时间的推移 LPO 水平升高（相对于对照增加约 1.4%），与 MIRA 贻贝相比（LAR：17.7nmol/gFW；MIRA：11.4nmol/gFW）。在消除期后，LAR 贻贝从 CBZ 引起的应激中恢复。LAR 的 LPO 降低（与暴露期结束时相比降低约 40%）伴随着 CBZ 组织浓度降低（与暴露期结束时相比降低约 61%）。MIRA 贻贝没有受到氧化损伤（LPO 水平在消除后保持不变，并且 CBZ 相对于暴露期结束时降低了约 80%）。
