Herrid M, Vajta G, Skidmore J A
Camel Reproduction Centre, Dubai, United Arab Emirates; School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia.
BGI Shenzhen, Beishan Industrial Zone, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China; Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia.
Theriogenology. 2017 Feb;89:20-25. doi: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.10.005. Epub 2016 Oct 13.
Over the past 3 decades, and similar to the horse industry, fresh embryo transfer has been widely practiced on large commercial scales in different camelid species, especially the dromedary camel and alpaca. However, the inability to cryopreserve embryos significantly reduces its broader application, and as such limits the capacity to utilize elite genetic resources internationally. In addition, cryopreservation of the semen of camelids is also difficult, suggesting an extreme sensitivity of the germplasm to cooling and freezing. As a result, genetic resources of camelids must continue to be maintained as living collections of animals. Due to concerns over disease outbreaks such as that of the highly pathogenic Middle East Respiratory Syndrome in the Middle East and Asia, there is an urgent need to establish an effective gene banking system for camelid species, especially the camel. The current review compares and summarizes recent progress in the field of camelid embryo cryopreservation, identifying four possible reasons for the slow development of an effective protocol and describing eight future directions to improve the current protocols. At the same time, the results of a recent dromedary camel embryo transfer study which produced a high morphologic integrity and survival rate of Open Pulled Straw-vitrified embryos are also discussed.
在过去三十年里，与养马业类似，新鲜胚胎移植已在不同骆驼科物种，尤其是单峰骆驼和羊驼的大型商业规模养殖中广泛应用。然而，胚胎无法冷冻保存显著降低了其更广泛的应用范围，因此限制了在国际上利用优良遗传资源的能力。此外，骆驼科动物精液的冷冻保存也很困难，这表明种质对冷却和冷冻极为敏感。因此，骆驼科动物的遗传资源必须继续作为活体动物种群来维持。由于对中东和亚洲高致病性中东呼吸综合征等疾病爆发的担忧，迫切需要为骆驼科物种，尤其是骆驼建立一个有效的基因库系统。本综述比较并总结了骆驼科动物胚胎冷冻保存领域的最新进展，确定了有效方案进展缓慢的四个可能原因，并描述了改进现有方案的八个未来方向。同时，还讨论了最近一项单峰骆驼胚胎移植研究的结果，该研究中开放式拉管玻璃化胚胎具有较高的形态完整性和存活率。
