Al Moaleem Mohammed M, Okshah Abdulmajeed S, Al-Shahrani Ahid A, Alshadidi Abdulkhaliq Ali F, Shaabi Fawzia I, Mobark Abdulaziz H, Mattoo Khurshid A
Department of Prosthetic Dental Science, College of Dentistry Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, e-mail:
Department of Prosthodontics, Bernhard-Gottlieb University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna Austria Department of Dental Technology, College of Applied Medical Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
J Contemp Dent Pract. 2017 Jan 1;18(1):23-28. doi: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1982.
The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and severity of temporomandibular joint disorders (TMDs) among undergraduate medical students in the presence of khat chewing over a period of time.
Totally, 186 medical college students (age < 20 years) were randomly selected for the present study. The study subjects were divided into two groups according to age, under 20 and above 20 years. The study was based on Fonseca's anamnestic index and its questionnaire, which is composed of 10 questions and classifies the severity of TMDs. The obtained data were coded and entered into Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) program for analysis using chi-square test at significance level of 5%.
Most of the participants were male (68.8%) students and older than 20 years (63%). Those who reported with khat chewing comprised 31.7%. From the total samples, only 38.0% was classified as having mild TMD and 0.50% were classified as having severe TMD. Poor dental articulation, grinding of teeth, headaches, tense personalities, and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) clicking were the most common clinical findings. The mean scores showed no significant difference among gender (p < 0.29) and the khat chewing (p < 0.531) groups for the 10 questions. However, it showed significant difference among age groups (p < 0.025).
The majority of subjects complained of mild TMD, while only a few cases showed a moderate TMD among different age groups. The most frequently reported dysfunctions were related to poor dental articulation and grinding of the teeth, frequent headaches, the clicking of joint, and tense personalities. No significant difference was found between gender and khat and nonkhat chewing groups.
Khat chewing is a parafunctional habit and affects dental occlusion (especially cuspal wear) in terms of anterior guidance. Such alterations in occlusion are known to be one of the causative (predisposing) factors of TMD.
本研究的目的是评估一段时间内咀嚼恰特草的本科医学生颞下颌关节紊乱病（TMDs）的患病率和严重程度。
本研究共随机选取了186名医学院学生（年龄<20岁）。研究对象按年龄分为两组，20岁以下和20岁以上。本研究基于丰塞卡记忆指数及其问卷，该问卷由10个问题组成，用于对TMDs的严重程度进行分类。所获数据进行编码后录入社会科学统计软件包（SPSS）程序，采用卡方检验进行分析，显著性水平为5%。
大多数参与者为男性（68.8%）且年龄大于20岁（63%）。报告有咀嚼恰特草习惯的占31.7%。在所有样本中，只有38.0%被归类为患有轻度TMD，0.50%被归类为患有重度TMD。牙齿咬合不良、磨牙、头痛、性格紧张以及颞下颌关节（TMJ）弹响是最常见的临床症状。对于这10个问题，平均得分在性别组（p<0.29）和咀嚼恰特草组（p<0.531）之间无显著差异。然而，在年龄组之间存在显著差异（p<0.025）。
大多数受试者主诉有轻度TMD，而在不同年龄组中只有少数病例表现为中度TMD。最常报告的功能障碍与牙齿咬合不良、磨牙、频繁头痛、关节弹响以及性格紧张有关。在性别以及咀嚼恰特草组与非咀嚼恰特草组之间未发现显著差异。
咀嚼恰特草是一种功能异常习惯，在前导方面会影响牙合（尤其是牙尖磨损）。已知这种牙合的改变是TMD的致病（易感）因素之一。
