Illa Míriam, Eixarch Elisenda, Muñoz-Moreno Emma, Batalle Dafnis, Leal-Campanario Rocío, Gruart Agnès, Delgado-García José María, Figueras Francesc, Gratacós Eduard
Fetal i+D Fetal Medicine Research Center, BCNatal - Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Fetal Diagn Ther. 2017;42(3):189-197. doi: 10.1159/000454859. Epub 2017 Jan 5.
Chronic reduction of oxygen and nutrient delivery to the fetus has been related to neurodevelopmental problems. Placental underperfusion induces a significant reduction in oxygen and nutrient delivery, whereas maternal undernutrition causes mainly nutrient deficiency. A comparison of the neurodevelopmental effects of both situations in pregnant rabbits was performed.
The placental underperfusion model was induced after uteroplacental vessel ligation at 25 days of pregnancy. The undernutrition model was induced after a reduction of 70% of the basal maternal intake at 22 days of pregnancy. Neurobehavioral tests were applied in the derived offspring at the neonatal period and over the long term. Structural brain differences were evaluated by brain networks obtained from diffusion magnetic resonance imaging.
Birth weight was significantly lower in both cases. However, stillbirth was only increased in the placental underperfusion model. Cases from both models presented poorer neurobehavioral performance and network infrastructure, being more pronounced in the placental underperfusion model.
Prenatal insults during the last third of gestation resulted in functional and structural disturbances. The degree of neurodevelopmental impairment and its association with structural brain reorganization seemed to be related to the type of the prenatal insult, showing stronger effects in the placental underperfusion model.
胎儿所获氧气和营养物质供应的长期减少与神经发育问题有关。胎盘灌注不足会导致氧气和营养物质供应显著减少，而母体营养不足主要会造成营养缺乏。本研究对怀孕兔子在这两种情况下的神经发育影响进行了比较。
胎盘灌注不足模型通过在妊娠25天时进行子宫胎盘血管结扎诱导产生。营养不足模型通过在妊娠22天时将母体基础摄入量减少70%诱导产生。对所产后代在新生儿期及长期进行神经行为测试。通过扩散磁共振成像获得的脑网络评估脑结构差异。
两种情况下出生体重均显著降低。然而，仅胎盘灌注不足模型中死产率增加。两种模型的后代均表现出较差的神经行为表现和网络结构，在胎盘灌注不足模型中更为明显。
妊娠晚期的产前损伤导致功能和结构紊乱。神经发育损伤的程度及其与脑结构重组的关联似乎与产前损伤的类型有关，在胎盘灌注不足模型中表现出更强的影响。
