Alananbeh Kholoud M, Boquellah Nahla, Kaff Nadia Al, Ahmadi Majid Al
Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia.
Ohud Hospital, Al Madinah Al Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia.
Saudi J Biol Sci. 2017 Jan;24(1):217-225. doi: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2015.08.003. Epub 2015 Aug 10.
Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah is the second holiest site in Islam. The possibility of new emerging microbes is valid due to the increased number of pilgrims. The objectives of the current study were to estimate the numbers of fungi and bacteria inside and outside Al-Haram Al-Nabawi and to find whether new bacterial and fungal species have emerged compared to previous studies. Air samples were collected twice a day from 12 spots and four directions during the pilgrim year of 2013 for four consecutive weeks by using the sedimentation method. Thirty five genera and fifty eight species were identified. The most recovered bacterial genera were Staphylococcus, Micrococcus, Bacillus, and Dermacoccus with 32.47%, 18.18%, 12.85%, and 11.23%, respectively. Fifty nine isolates of fungi were molecularly identified. Aspergillus species had the highest percentage (78%). The other fungal genera identified (, , , , , , , , and ) had less than 5% frequency. In places such as Al-Haram Al-Nabawi, a large and crowded public (millions) exist especially during pilgrimages and Ramadan, thus, exposure to microorganisms is high. On the other hand, microorganism infectivity depends on many factors including their virulence, landing site, and person's immunity. For those reasons, many aspects should be considered to avoid aerosol contaminants.
麦地那是伊斯兰教的第二圣地。由于朝圣者数量增加，新出现微生物的可能性是存在的。本研究的目的是估计先知清真寺内外的真菌和细菌数量，并查明与以往研究相比是否出现了新的细菌和真菌物种。在2013年朝圣年期间，连续四周每天两次从12个地点和四个方向采集空气样本，采用沉降法。共鉴定出35个属和58个物种。分离出最多的细菌属是葡萄球菌属、微球菌属、芽孢杆菌属和皮肤球菌属，分别占32.47%、18.18%、12.85%和11.23%。对59株真菌进行了分子鉴定。曲霉菌种的比例最高（78%）。鉴定出的其他真菌属（此处原文缺失具体属名）频率均低于5%。在先知清真寺等地，尤其是在朝圣和斋月期间，会有大量拥挤的人群（数百万），因此接触微生物的几率很高。另一方面，微生物的传染性取决于许多因素，包括它们的毒力、着陆部位和人的免疫力。出于这些原因，应考虑许多方面以避免气溶胶污染物。
