Molleston Jerome M, Cherry Sara
Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Viruses. 2017 Jan 4;9(1):2. doi: 10.3390/v9010002.
The innate immune system has evolved a number of sensors that recognize viral RNA (vRNA) to restrict infection, yet the full spectrum of host-encoded RNA binding proteins that target these foreign RNAs is still unknown. The RNA decay machinery, which uses exonucleases to degrade aberrant RNAs largely from the 5' or 3' end, is increasingly recognized as playing an important role in antiviral defense. The 5' degradation pathway can directly target viral messenger RNA (mRNA) for degradation, as well as indirectly attenuate replication by limiting specific pools of endogenous RNAs. The 3' degradation machinery (RNA exosome) is emerging as a downstream effector of a diverse array of vRNA sensors. This review discusses our current understanding of the roles of the RNA decay machinery in controlling viral infection.
固有免疫系统已经进化出多种识别病毒RNA（vRNA）以限制感染的传感器，然而，靶向这些外来RNA的宿主编码RNA结合蛋白的完整谱仍不清楚。RNA衰变机制利用核酸外切酶主要从5'或3'末端降解异常RNA，越来越被认为在抗病毒防御中发挥重要作用。5'降解途径可以直接靶向病毒信使RNA（mRNA）进行降解，也可以通过限制内源性RNA的特定池间接减弱复制。3'降解机制（RNA外切体）正在成为多种vRNA传感器的下游效应器。本文综述了我们目前对RNA衰变机制在控制病毒感染中作用的理解。
