From Northeastern University and Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.
Ann Intern Med. 2017 Feb 21;166(4):233-239. doi: 10.7326/M16-1590. Epub 2017 Jan 3.
In 1994, 40% of U.S. gun owners who had recently acquired a firearm did so without a background check. No contemporary estimates exist.
To estimate the proportion of current U.S. gun owners who acquired their most recent firearm without a background check, by time since and manner of acquisition, for the nation as a whole and separately in states with and without legislation regulating private sales.
Probability-based online survey.
United States, 2015.
1613 adult gun owners.
Current gun owners were asked where and when they acquired their last firearm; if they purchased the firearm; and whether, as part of that acquisition, they had a background check (or were asked to show a firearm license or permit).
22% (95% CI, 16% to 27%) of gun owners who reported obtaining their most recent firearm within the previous 2 years reported doing so without a background check. For firearms purchased privately within the previous 2 years (that is, other than from a store or pawnshop, including sales between individuals in person, online, or at gun shows), 50% (CI, 35% to 65%) were obtained without a background check. This percentage was 26% (CI, 5% to 47%) for owners residing in states regulating private firearm sales and 57% (CI, 40% to 75%) for those living in states without regulations on private firearm sales.
Potential inaccuracies due to recall and social desirability bias.
22% of current U.S. gun owners who acquired a firearm within the past 2 years did so without a background check. Although this represents a smaller proportion of gun owners obtaining firearms without background checks than in the past, millions of U.S. adults continue to acquire guns without background checks, especially in states that do not regulate private firearm sales.
Fund for a Safer Future and the Joyce Foundation.
1994 年，在美国最近购买枪支的枪支拥有者中，有 40%的人没有进行背景调查。目前没有当代的估计数据。
通过时间和获取方式，估算全国范围内以及在有和没有规范私人销售法规的州内，最近一次购买枪支而没有进行背景调查的美国枪支拥有者的比例。
基于概率的在线调查。
美国，2015 年。
1613 名成年枪支拥有者。
询问当前枪支拥有者他们在哪里以及何时获得他们的最后一支枪支；他们是否购买了枪支；以及在那次购买中，他们是否进行了背景调查（或被要求出示枪支许可证或执照）。
22%（95%置信区间，16%至 27%）的报告在过去 2 年内获得最近一支枪支的枪支拥有者表示他们没有进行背景调查。对于在过去 2 年内私人购买的枪支（即，除了从商店或当铺购买的枪支，包括个人之间的当面、在线或在枪展上的销售），有 50%（95%置信区间，35%至 65%）没有进行背景调查。对于居住在规范私人枪支销售的州的所有者，这一比例为 26%（95%置信区间，5%至 47%），而对于居住在没有规范私人枪支销售法规的州的所有者，这一比例为 57%（95%置信区间，40%至 75%）。
由于回忆和社会期望偏差，可能存在不准确之处。
在过去 2 年内获得枪支的 22%的美国枪支拥有者没有进行背景调查。尽管这代表了没有进行背景调查而获得枪支的美国成年人比例较小，但仍有数百万人继续在没有背景调查的情况下获得枪支，尤其是在不规范私人枪支销售的州。
未来更安全基金会和乔伊斯基金会。
