Molecular Virology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110 067, India.
Mol Plant Pathol. 2018 Feb;19(2):504-518. doi: 10.1111/mpp.12533. Epub 2017 Mar 9.
The chloroplast is one of the most dynamic organelles of a plant cell. It carries out photosynthesis, synthesizes major phytohormones, plays an active part in the defence response and is crucial for interorganelle signalling. Viruses, on the other hand, are extremely strategic in manipulating the internal environment of the host cell. The chloroplast, a prime target for viruses, undergoes enormous structural and functional damage during viral infection. Indeed, large proportions of affected gene products in a virus-infected plant are closely associated with the chloroplast and the process of photosynthesis. Although the chloroplast is deficient in gene silencing machinery, it elicits the effector-triggered immune response against viral pathogens. Virus infection induces the organelle to produce an extensive network of stromules which are involved in both viral propagation and antiviral defence. From studies over the last few decades, the involvement of the chloroplast in the regulation of plant-virus interaction has become increasingly evident. This review presents an exhaustive account of these facts, with their implications for pathogenicity. We have attempted to highlight the intricacies of chloroplast-virus interactions and to explain the existing gaps in our current knowledge, which will enable virologists to utilize chloroplast genome-based antiviral resistance in economically important crops.
叶绿体是植物细胞中最具动态的细胞器之一。它进行光合作用、合成主要植物激素、在防御反应中发挥积极作用，并且对细胞器间信号传递至关重要。另一方面，病毒在操纵宿主细胞内部环境方面非常策略化。叶绿体是病毒的主要目标，在病毒感染过程中会经历巨大的结构和功能损伤。实际上，受病毒感染的植物中受影响的基因产物很大一部分与叶绿体和光合作用过程密切相关。尽管叶绿体缺乏基因沉默机制，但它会引发针对病毒病原体的效应子触发的免疫反应。病毒感染诱导细胞器产生广泛的基质突，这些突参与病毒的繁殖和抗病毒防御。在过去几十年的研究中，叶绿体参与植物-病毒相互作用的调控变得越来越明显。本综述全面介绍了这些事实及其对致病性的影响。我们试图强调叶绿体-病毒相互作用的复杂性，并解释我们当前知识中的现有差距，这将使病毒学家能够在经济上重要的作物中利用基于叶绿体基因组的抗病毒抗性。
