von Rosen Frederik T, von Rosen Antonella J, Müller-Riemenschneider Falk, Tinnemann Peter
a Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics , Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin , Berlin , Germany.
b Department of Public Health and Health Sciences , University of Bremen , Bremen , Germany.
Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care. 2017 Feb;22(1):45-52. doi: 10.1080/13625187.2016.1269162. Epub 2017 Jan 6.
Lack of information has been described as a major factor in non-use of oral emergency contraception (EC) following unprotected intercourse. Despite the ongoing vociferous debate on liberalisation of access, little evidence is available on EC knowledge in Germany, particularly among adolescents.
We conducted a cross-sectional survey among ninth graders in convenience sample of 13 Berlin schools. We assessed perceived and actual knowledge on the effectiveness, timeframe and availability of EC and on pregnancy risk in six scenarios.
A total of 1177 students between 13 and 16 years of age participated. Mean age was 14.6 years (standard deviation 0.67); 51.4% of participants were male. Whilst 8.7% had never heard of EC, 38.6% knew of its effectiveness, but only 12.7% knew the timeframe for EC. Of the sources of EC, only gynaecologists were widely known. Most students correctly evaluated pregnancy risk in given scenarios. Girls were more knowledgeable on most topics except for pregnancy risk. Attending a school of lower academic standard and being of immigrant background was associated with lower knowledge on the majority of items.
Generally, students were aware of the existence of EC, but many lacked the knowledge of when to take it and how to access it. Especially in the light of the recent liberalisation of EC access in Germany, increased educational efforts are warranted to ensure that the population has the knowledge necessary to make a truly informed choice regarding its use.
信息匮乏被认为是无保护性交后未使用口服紧急避孕药（EC）的主要因素。尽管关于放宽获取途径的争论一直很激烈，但在德国，尤其是在青少年中，关于紧急避孕药知识的证据却很少。
我们对柏林13所学校的九年级学生进行了一项横断面调查，采用便利抽样法。我们评估了学生对紧急避孕药的有效性、使用期限、获取途径以及六种情况下怀孕风险的认知和实际了解情况。
共有1177名13至16岁的学生参与调查。平均年龄为14.6岁（标准差0.67）；51.4%的参与者为男性。虽然8.7%的人从未听说过紧急避孕药，但38.6%的人知道其有效性，而只有12.7%的人知道紧急避孕药的使用期限。在紧急避孕药的获取来源中，只有妇科医生广为人知。大多数学生能正确评估给定情况下的怀孕风险。除怀孕风险外，女孩在大多数主题上的知识更丰富。就读于学术水平较低的学校且有移民背景与大多数项目的知识水平较低有关。
总体而言，学生们知道紧急避孕药的存在，但许多人缺乏何时服用以及如何获取的知识。特别是鉴于德国最近放宽了紧急避孕药的获取途径，有必要加大教育力度，以确保人们具备必要的知识，从而能就其使用做出真正明智的选择。
