Ivanova Kristina, Ramon Eva, Hoyo Javier, Tzanov Tzanko
Group of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Terrassa, Spain Rambla Sant Nebridi 22, Terrassa (Barcelona), 08222, Spain.
Curr Top Med Chem. 2017 Jan 5.
Bacteria that colonize and form biofilms on living tissues and medical devices are a global healthcare concern. They cause life threatening infections and are associated with increased mortality and morbidity in the hospitals. Although antibiotics have been successfully applied for treatment of bacterial diseases, the adaptive and genetic changes of the microorganisms within the biofilms make them inherently resistant to all known antibacterial agents. Therefore, novel antimicrobial strategies that do not exert selective pressure on bacterial population and minimize the risk of resistance occurrence have been sought to prevent and treat biofilm related infections. A critical overview of the numerous groups and the rationale of advanced materials and surfaces with antibacterial and antibiofilm properties is the aim of this review. The development of antibiofilm coatings based on molecules interfering with bacterial cell-to-cell communication and biofilm integrity are discussed. Nano-scale transformation of obsolete antibiotics and surface functionalization with bacteriophages and natural antibacterials including enzymes, antimicrobial peptides, and polyphenols are also considered. Finally, recent efforts to design new generation of integrated antibacterial materials are reported.
在活体组织和医疗设备上定殖并形成生物膜的细菌是全球医疗保健领域关注的问题。它们会引发危及生命的感染，并与医院中死亡率和发病率的增加相关。尽管抗生素已成功应用于治疗细菌性疾病，但生物膜内微生物的适应性和基因变化使其对所有已知抗菌剂具有内在抗性。因此，人们一直在寻找不会对细菌群体施加选择性压力并将耐药性发生风险降至最低的新型抗菌策略，以预防和治疗与生物膜相关的感染。本综述旨在对众多具有抗菌和抗生物膜特性的先进材料及表面的类别和原理进行批判性概述。讨论了基于干扰细菌细胞间通讯和生物膜完整性的分子的抗生物膜涂层的开发。还考虑了过时抗生素的纳米级转化以及用噬菌体和天然抗菌剂（包括酶、抗菌肽和多酚）进行表面功能化。最后，报告了设计新一代集成抗菌材料的最新努力。
