Zwollo Patty
Department of Biology, The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA, 23185, United States.
Dev Comp Immunol. 2018 Mar;80:24-33. doi: 10.1016/j.dci.2016.12.008. Epub 2017 Jan 3.
The immune system of anadromous fish is extremely complex, a direct consequence of their diadromous nature. Hormone levels fluctuate widely throughout their life cycle, as fish move between fresh and salt water. This poses major challenges to the physiology of anadromous fish, including adaptation to very different saline environments, distinct pathogen fingerprints, and different environmental stressors. Elevated cortisol and sex hormone levels inhibit B lymphopoiesis and IgM antibody responses, while catecholamines, growth hormones and thyroid hormones are generally stimulatory and enhance the humoral immune response. Immunological memory in the form of long-lived plasma cells likely plays important roles in health and survival during the life cycle of anadromous fishes. This review discusses some of the complex immune-endocrine pathways in anadromous fish, focusing on essential roles for B lineage cells in the successful completion of their life cycle. A discussion is included on potential differences in immuno-competence between wild and hatchery-raised fish.
溯河洄游鱼类的免疫系统极其复杂，这是它们洄游特性的直接结果。随着鱼类在淡水和咸水之间游动，其激素水平在整个生命周期中会大幅波动。这给溯河洄游鱼类的生理机能带来了重大挑战，包括适应截然不同的盐环境、独特的病原体特征以及不同的环境应激源。皮质醇和性激素水平升高会抑制B淋巴细胞生成和IgM抗体反应，而儿茶酚胺、生长激素和甲状腺激素通常具有刺激作用，并能增强体液免疫反应。以长寿浆细胞形式存在的免疫记忆可能在溯河洄游鱼类生命周期的健康和生存中发挥重要作用。本综述讨论了溯河洄游鱼类一些复杂的免疫 - 内分泌途径，重点关注B谱系细胞在其生命周期成功完成过程中的关键作用。还讨论了野生鱼和养殖鱼之间免疫能力的潜在差异。
