Mueller-Lisse Ullrich G, Murer Sophie, Mueller-Lisse Ulrike L, Kuhn Marissa, Scheidler Juergen, Scherr Michael
Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Munich ("Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität", LMU), Ziemssenstrasse 1, D-80336, Muenchen, Germany.
Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Munich ("Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität", LMU), Muenchen, Germany.
Eur Radiol. 2017 Aug;27(8):3362-3371. doi: 10.1007/s00330-016-4706-7. Epub 2017 Jan 5.
To apply an easy-to-assemble phantom substitute for human prostates in T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (T2WI), diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and 3D magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS).
Kiwi fruit were fixed with gel hot and cold compress packs on two plastic nursery pots, separated by a plastic plate, and submerged in tap water inside a 1-L open-spout plastic watering can for T2WI (TR/TE 7500/101 ms), DWI (5500/61 ms, ADC b50-800 s/mm map) and MRS (940/145 ms) at 3.0 T, with phased array surface coils. One green kiwi fruit was additionally examined with an endorectal coil. Retrospective comparison with benign peripheral zone (PZ) and transitional zone (TZ) of prostate (n = 5), Gleason 6-7a prostate cancer (n = 8) and Gleason 7b-9 prostate cancer (n = 7) validated the phantom.
Mean contrast between central placenta (CP) and outer pericarp (OP, 0.346-0.349) or peripheral placenta (PP, 0.364-0.393) of kiwi fruit was similar to Gleason 7b-9 prostate cancer and PZ (0.308) in T2WI. ADC values of OP and PP (1.27 ± 0.07-1.37 ± 0.08 mm/s × 10) resembled PZ and TZ (1.39 ± 0.17-1.60 ± 0.24 mm/s × 10), while CP (0.91 ± 0.14-0.99 ± 0.10 mm/s × 10) resembled Gleason 7b-9 prostate cancer (1.00 ± 0.25 mm/s × 10). MR spectra showed peaks of citrate and myo-inositol in kiwi fruit, and citrate and "choline+creatine" in prostates. The phantom worked with an endorectal coil, too.
The kiwi fruit phantom reproducibly showed zones similar to PZ, TZ and cancer in human prostates in T2WI and DWI and two metabolite peaks in MRS and appears suitable to compare different MR protocols, coil systems and scanners.
• Kiwi fruit appear suitable as phantoms for human prostate in MR examinations. • Kiwi fruit show zonal anatomy like human prostates in T2-weighted MRI and DWI. • MR spectroscopy reliably shows peaks in kiwi fruit (citrate/inositol) and human prostates (citrate/choline+creatine). • The kiwi fruit phantom works both with and without an endorectal coil. • EU regulation No. 543/2011 specifies physical and biochemical properties of kiwi fruit.
在T2加权磁共振成像（T2WI）、扩散加权成像（DWI）和三维磁共振波谱（MRS）中应用一种易于组装的人体前列腺模型替代品。
将奇异果用凝胶冷热敷袋固定在两个塑料育苗盆上，中间用塑料板隔开，然后将其浸没在一个1升带开口的塑料喷壶中的自来水中，在3.0 T场强下进行T2WI（重复时间/回波时间7500/101 ms）、DWI（5500/61 ms，表观扩散系数b值为50 - 800 s/mm²的图）和MRS（940/145 ms）检查，使用相控阵表面线圈。另外用直肠内线圈对一个绿色奇异果进行检查。通过与前列腺的良性外周带（PZ）和移行带（TZ）（n = 5）、Gleason 6 - 7a级前列腺癌（n = 8）和Gleason 7b - 9级前列腺癌（n = 7）进行回顾性比较来验证该模型。
在T2WI中，奇异果中央胎盘（CP）与外层果皮（OP，0.346 - 0.349）或外周胎盘（PP，0.364 - 0.393）之间的平均对比度与Gleason 7b - 9级前列腺癌和PZ（0.308）相似。OP和PP的表观扩散系数值（1.27±0.07 - 1.37±0.08 mm²/s×10）类似于PZ和TZ（1.39±0.17 - 1.60±0.24 mm²/s×10），而CP（0.91±0.14 - 0.99±0.10 mm²/s×10）类似于Gleason 7b - 9级前列腺癌（1.00±0.25 mm²/s×10）。磁共振波谱显示奇异果中有柠檬酸盐和肌醇峰，前列腺中有柠檬酸盐和“胆碱 + 肌酸”峰。该模型也可与直肠内线圈配合使用。
奇异果模型在T2WI和DWI中可重复性地显示出与人体前列腺中的PZ、TZ和癌相似的区域，在MRS中显示出两个代谢物峰，似乎适合用于比较不同的磁共振检查方案、线圈系统和扫描仪。
• 奇异果似乎适合作为磁共振检查中人体前列腺的模型。• 奇异果在T2加权磁共振成像和DWI中显示出类似人体前列腺的分区解剖结构。• 磁共振波谱能可靠地显示奇异果（柠檬酸盐/肌醇）和人体前列腺（柠檬酸盐/胆碱 + 肌酸）中的峰。• 奇异果模型使用直肠内线圈和不使用直肠内线圈均可工作。• 欧盟第543/2011号法规规定了奇异果的物理和生化特性。
