Enns J T, Akhtar N
Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
Child Dev. 1989 Oct;60(5):1188-99.
Children aged 4, 5, and 7 years and adults aged 20 years performed a speeded classification task designed to isolate several sources of interference in visual selective attention. On each trial, observers responded to 1 of 4 targets which were mapped to 2 responses. On some trials the targets were also flanked by distractor stimuli, which observers were asked to ignore. The interference measures examined the effects of attentional set, increases in feature number, increases in feature type, response competition, and stimulus generalization. All but 1 of the measures (stimulus generalization) produced reliable interference in the adult observers. However, only 2 of the measures (attentional set, increases in feature number) produced reliable interference in children. The implications of these findings for theories of attentional development are discussed.
4岁、5岁和7岁的儿童以及20岁的成年人完成了一项快速分类任务，该任务旨在分离视觉选择性注意中几种干扰源。在每次试验中，观察者对4个目标中的1个做出反应，这4个目标对应2种反应。在一些试验中，目标两侧还伴有干扰刺激，要求观察者忽略这些干扰刺激。干扰测量考察了注意定势、特征数量增加、特征类型增加、反应竞争和刺激泛化的影响。除了1项测量（刺激泛化）外，其他所有测量都在成年观察者中产生了可靠的干扰。然而，只有2项测量（注意定势、特征数量增加）在儿童中产生了可靠的干扰。本文讨论了这些发现对注意发展理论的意义。
