García Comas L, Ordobás Gavín M, Sanz Moreno J C, Ramos Blázquez B, Rodríguez Baena E, Córdoba Deorador E, García Barquero M, Gil Montalbán E, Arce Arnáez A, Rodero Garduño I, Barranco Ordóñez D, Mochales J Astray
a General Directorate of Public Health of the Community of Madrid , Department of Epidemiology , Madrid , Spain.
b General Directorate of Public Health of the Community of Madrid , Regional Laboratory of Public Health , Madrid , Spain.
Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2017 May 4;13(5):1078-1083. doi: 10.1080/21645515.2016.1267081. Epub 2017 Jan 6.
We describe a community-wide outbreak of measles due to a D4 genotype virus that took place in the Region of Madrid, Spain, between February 2011 and August 2012, along with the control measures adopted. The following variables were collected: date of birth, sex, symptoms, complications, hospital admission, laboratory test results, link with another cases, home address, places of work or study, travel during the incubation period, ethnic group, and Mumps-Measles-Rubella (MMR) vaccination status. Incidences were calculated by 100,000 inhabitants. A total of 789 cases were identified. Of all cases, 36.0% belonged to Roma community, among which 68.7% were 16 months to 19 y old. Non-Roma cases were predominantly patients from 6 to 15 months (28.1%) and 20 to 39 y (52.3%). Most cases were unvaccinated. We found out that 3.0% of cases were healthcare workers. The first vaccination dose was brought forward to 12 months, active recruitment of unvaccinated children from 12 months to 4 y of age was performed and the vaccination of healthcare workers and of members of the Roma community was reinforced. High vaccination coverage must be reached with 2 doses of MMR vaccine, aimed at specific groups, such as young adults, Roma population and healthcare workers.
我们描述了2011年2月至2012年8月期间在西班牙马德里自治区发生的一起由D4基因型病毒引起的社区范围麻疹暴发疫情，以及所采取的控制措施。收集了以下变量：出生日期、性别、症状、并发症、住院情况、实验室检测结果、与其他病例的关联、家庭住址、工作或学习地点、潜伏期内的旅行情况、种族以及腮腺炎-麻疹-风疹（MMR）疫苗接种状况。发病率按每10万居民计算。共确认了789例病例。在所有病例中，36.0%属于罗姆社区，其中68.7%年龄在16个月至19岁之间。非罗姆病例主要是6至15个月（28.1%）和20至39岁（52.3%）的患者。大多数病例未接种疫苗。我们发现3.0%的病例是医护人员。将首剂疫苗接种时间提前至12个月，积极招募12个月至4岁未接种疫苗的儿童，并加强医护人员和罗姆社区成员的疫苗接种。必须针对特定群体，如年轻人、罗姆人群体和医护人员，实现两剂MMR疫苗的高接种覆盖率。
