Pavlidis Efstathios T, Pavlidis Theodoros E
a Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Medical School , Second Surgical Propedeutic Department, Hippocration Hospital , Konstantinoupoleos 49, 546 42 Thessaloniki , Greece.
J Invest Surg. 2018 Feb;31(1):54-66. doi: 10.1080/08941939.2016.1269854. Epub 2017 Jan 6.
Purpose/aim: To focus on current molecular and genetic aspects and MTA proteins, since pancreatic cancer is a lethal malignant with poor prognosis. Early diagnosis is essential step, contributing to potential curative resection.
A PubMed search of relevant articles published up to August 2016 was performed to identify current information about pancreatic cancer regarding molecular biomarkers, with emphasis on carcinogenesis, novel therapeutic targets, and MTA proteins.
Understanding the mechanisms involved in the process of carcinogenesis at the molecular level and the recognition of various oncogenes has opened new horizons for both diagnosis and targeted therapy. Metastasis associated (MTA) proteins (MTA1, MTA2, MTA3) comprise a well-established family of biomarkers. The oncogene MTA1 and its expression product MTA1 protein are the most important and adequately studied in the current research. It defines the growth, local invasiveness, lymphatic spread, and metastatic capacity of various malignancies such as colorectal or gastric cancer including also pancreatic cancer. This protein is associated with malignant potential and biological behavior. Consequently, it could contribute to cancer detection since the first stages of carcinogenesis, as well as in prediction of its malignant differentiation grade. The pre-operative information of the possibility of lymph node involvement may also affect the attempt and the extent of curative resection and lymphadenectomy.
Carcinogenesis and implicated oncogenes, either activators or repressors, concentrate much research interest, as well as being useful as biomarkers and for targeted therapy. MTA proteins could become useful diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in current management of pancreatic cancer.
目的/目标：鉴于胰腺癌是一种预后不良的致命恶性肿瘤，重点关注当前的分子和遗传方面以及MTA蛋白。早期诊断是关键步骤，有助于进行潜在的根治性切除。
对截至2016年8月发表的相关文章进行PubMed检索，以确定有关胰腺癌分子生物标志物的当前信息，重点是致癌作用、新型治疗靶点和MTA蛋白。
在分子水平上了解致癌过程中涉及的机制以及识别各种癌基因，为诊断和靶向治疗开辟了新的视野。转移相关（MTA）蛋白（MTA1、MTA2、MTA3）构成了一个成熟的生物标志物家族。癌基因MTA1及其表达产物MTA1蛋白是当前研究中最重要且研究充分的。它决定了各种恶性肿瘤如结直肠癌、胃癌包括胰腺癌的生长、局部侵袭、淋巴转移和转移能力。这种蛋白与恶性潜能和生物学行为相关。因此，它可在致癌的最初阶段以及预测其恶性分化程度方面有助于癌症检测。术前关于淋巴结受累可能性的信息也可能影响根治性切除和淋巴结清扫的尝试及范围。
致癌作用以及相关的癌基因，无论是激活剂还是抑制剂，都引起了大量研究兴趣，并且作为生物标志物和用于靶向治疗很有用。MTA蛋白在当前胰腺癌的管理中可能成为有用的诊断和预后生物标志物。
