Grönqvist R, Roine J, Järvinen E, Korhonen E
Ergonomics. 1989 Aug;32(8):979-95. doi: 10.1080/00140138908966859.
An apparatus to measure the coefficient of kinetic friction (mu k) between the shoe sole and the underfoot surface was constructed, and a method including criteria to evaluate the risk of slipping during walking was developed. The apparatus is a prototype stationary step simulator capable of simulating the movements of a human foot and the forces applied to the underfoot surface during an actual slip, and the drainage capability of the contact surface between the shoe sole and the flooring when different lubricants or contaminants are used. The apparatus consists of a movable artificial foot controlled by a computer with the aid of three hydraulic cylinders. The frictional force (F mu), the normal force (FN) and their ratio (mu k = F mu/FN) are measured with a two-way force platform when the foot slides along its surface. Two separate gait patterns, heel-side (mu k 1) and sole-slide (mu k 2) gait pattern, are used for the evaluations. The method classifies studied shoe, lubricant and underfoot surface combinations into five slip resistance classes according to the measured mu k 1. The slip resistance assessments are specified with some complementary safety criteria, e.g., the ratio mu k 1/mu k 2. The reliability of the developed measurement method was assessed in an international comparison test. According to available results discussed in this paper, our method seems to be valid and the slip resistance measurements seem to be repeatable.
构建了一种用于测量鞋底与脚下表面之间动摩擦系数（μk）的装置，并开发了一种包括评估行走过程中滑倒风险标准的方法。该装置是一种原型固定式踏步模拟器，能够模拟人脚的运动以及实际滑倒过程中施加在脚下表面的力，以及使用不同润滑剂或污染物时鞋底与地板之间接触面的排水能力。该装置由一个由计算机借助三个液压缸控制的可移动人造脚组成。当脚沿其表面滑动时，用双向力平台测量摩擦力（Fμ）、法向力（FN）及其比值（μk = Fμ/FN）。评估使用两种不同的步态模式，即脚跟侧（μk 1）和鞋底滑动（μk 2）步态模式。该方法根据测得的μk 1将研究的鞋子、润滑剂和脚下表面组合分为五个防滑等级。防滑评估通过一些补充安全标准来指定，例如，μk 1/μk 2的比值。在一项国际比较测试中评估了所开发测量方法的可靠性。根据本文讨论的现有结果，我们的方法似乎是有效的，防滑测量似乎是可重复的。
