Matsuzaki T, Yasuda Y, Nonaka S
Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki-shi, Japan.
Jikken Dobutsu. 1989 Oct;38(4):337-41. doi: 10.1538/expanim1978.38.4_337.
Genetic studies demonstrated three loci controlling coat colors in the Mongolian gerbil. F1 hybrids of white gerbils with red eyes and agouti gerbils with wild coat color had the agouti coat color. The segregating ratio of agouti and white in the F2 generation was 3:1. In the backcross (BC) generation (white x F1), the ratio of the agouti and white coat colors was 1:1. Next, inheritance of the agouti coat color was investigated. Matings between agouti and non-agouti (black) gerbils produced only agouti gerbils. In the F2 generation, the ratio of agouti to non-agouti (black) was 3:1. There was no distortion in the sex ratios within each coat color in the F1, F2 and BC generations. This indicated that the white coat color of gerbils is governed by an autosomal recessive gene which should be named the c allele of the c (albino) locus controlling pigmentation, and the agouti coat color is controlled by an autosomal dominant gene which might be named the A allele of the A (agouti) locus controlling pigmentation patterns in the hair. The occurrence of the black gerbil demonstrated clearly the existence of the b (brown) locus, and it clearly indicated that the coat colors of gerbils can basically be explained by a, b, and c loci as in mice and rats.
遗传学研究表明，有三个基因座控制蒙古沙鼠的毛色。红眼白色沙鼠与野生毛色的刺豚鼠的F1杂种具有刺豚鼠毛色。F2代中刺豚鼠和白色的分离比例为3:1。在回交（BC）代（白色×F1）中，刺豚鼠和白色毛色的比例为1:1。接下来，研究了刺豚鼠毛色的遗传情况。刺豚鼠与非刺豚鼠（黑色）沙鼠交配只产生刺豚鼠沙鼠。在F2代中，刺豚鼠与非刺豚鼠（黑色）的比例为3:1。在F1、F2和BC代中，每种毛色的性别比例没有偏差。这表明沙鼠的白色毛色由一个常染色体隐性基因控制，该基因应命名为控制色素沉着的c（白化）基因座的c等位基因，而刺豚鼠毛色由一个常染色体显性基因控制，该基因可能命名为控制毛发色素沉着模式的A（刺豚鼠）基因座的A等位基因。黑色沙鼠的出现清楚地证明了b（棕色）基因座的存在，并且清楚地表明沙鼠的毛色基本上可以用与小鼠和大鼠相同的a、b和c基因座来解释。
