Wouters Marieke, Evenhuis Heleen M, Hilgenkamp Thessa I M
Reinaerde, Europalaan 310, 3526 KS, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Erasmus Medical Center, Department of General Practice, Intellectual Disability Medicine, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Erasmus Medical Center, Department of General Practice, Intellectual Disability Medicine, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Res Dev Disabil. 2017 Feb;61:77-94. doi: 10.1016/j.ridd.2016.12.016. Epub 2017 Jan 5.
Testing physical fitness in children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities (ID) can be challenging. This review provides an overview on psychometric properties of field-based physical fitness tests studied in children and adolescents with ID.
A literature search was performed in March 2014. Studies were included if they evaluated feasibility, reliability and/or validity of a field-based physical fitness test in children and adolescents with ID.
Twenty-six papers met the inclusion criteria and described 18 tests on body composition (4), muscular strength (4), muscular endurance (6), and cardiorespiratory fitness (4). Best results on feasibility, reliability and/or validity were found for bioelectric impedance analysis, body mass index, grip strength, arm hang and distance run/walk tests. These results were mainly found in adolescents with mild to moderate ID.
Some tests were found feasible, reliable and/or valid in subgroups of children and adolescents with ID, but not in children and adolescents with all ages and levels of ID. Further assessment is needed before wider application in all children and adolescents with ID.
对患有智力障碍（ID）的儿童和青少年进行体能测试具有挑战性。本综述概述了针对患有ID的儿童和青少年所研究的基于场地的体能测试的心理测量特性。
于2014年3月进行文献检索。纳入的研究需评估针对患有ID的儿童和青少年的基于场地的体能测试的可行性、可靠性和/或有效性。
26篇论文符合纳入标准，描述了18项关于身体成分（4项）、肌肉力量（4项）、肌肉耐力（6项）和心肺适能（4项）的测试。生物电阻抗分析、体重指数、握力、悬垂和距离跑/走测试在可行性、可靠性和/或有效性方面取得了最佳结果。这些结果主要出现在轻度至中度ID的青少年中。
在患有ID的儿童和青少年亚组中，一些测试被发现是可行、可靠和/或有效的，但并非在所有年龄和ID程度的儿童和青少年中都如此。在更广泛应用于所有患有ID的儿童和青少年之前，需要进一步评估。
