Department of Optometry and Visual Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Department of Ophthalmology, Ocular Surface Group, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Department of Ophthalmology, Ocular Surface Group, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Cluster of Excellence: Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Ocul Surf. 2017 Apr;15(2):159-168. doi: 10.1016/j.jtos.2017.01.001. Epub 2017 Jan 5.
Dry eye disease (DED) is an increasingly significant clinical problem in developing countries and/or emerging economies. Existing studies on DED conducted in these areas have largely reported on associations between DED and infectious disease (trachoma) and malnutrition (hypovitaminosis A), but current trends of industrialization, urbanization, and modernization in these areas could result in a shift to other forms of DED. Herein, we review the epidemiology of DED in these geographic areas, highlighting potential causes and risk factors of DED while presenting information on diagnostic tools and algorithms and insight into some treatment modalities of DED that could prove useful to clinicians and investigators in these regions.
干眼疾病（DED）在发展中国家和/或新兴经济体中是一个日益严重的临床问题。在这些地区进行的关于 DED 的现有研究主要报告了 DED 与传染病（沙眼）和营养不良（维生素 A 缺乏症）之间的关联，但这些地区目前的工业化、城市化和现代化趋势可能导致其他形式的 DED。在此，我们回顾了这些地理区域的 DED 流行病学，强调了 DED 的潜在原因和危险因素，同时介绍了 DED 的诊断工具和算法的信息，并深入了解一些可能对这些地区的临床医生和研究人员有用的 DED 治疗方式。
