Hendry Shona A, Farnsworth Rae H, Solomon Benjamin, Achen Marc G, Stacker Steven A, Fox Stephen B
Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
Tumour Angiogenesis and Microenvironment Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre , Melbourne, VIC , Australia.
Front Immunol. 2016 Dec 20;7:621. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00621. eCollection 2016.
Recently developed cancer immunotherapy approaches including immune checkpoint inhibitors and chimeric antigen receptor T cell transfer are showing promising results both in trials and in clinical practice. These approaches reflect increasing recognition of the crucial role of the tumor microenvironment in cancer development and progression. Cancer cells do not act alone, but develop a complex relationship with the environment in which they reside. The host immune response to tumors is critical to the success of immunotherapy; however, the determinants of this response are incompletely understood. The immune cell infiltrate in tumors varies widely in density, composition, and clinical significance. The tumor vasculature is a key component of the microenvironment that can influence tumor behavior and treatment response and can be targeted through the use of antiangiogenic drugs. Blood vascular and lymphatic endothelial cells have important roles in the trafficking of immune cells, controlling the microenvironment, and modulating the immune response. Improving access to the tumor through vascular alteration with antiangiogenic drugs may prove an effective combinatorial strategy with immunotherapy approaches and might be applicable to many tumor types. In this review, we briefly discuss the host's immune response to cancer and the treatment strategies utilizing this response, before focusing on the pathological features of tumor blood and lymphatic vessels and the contribution these might make to tumor immune evasion.
最近开发的癌症免疫疗法，包括免疫检查点抑制剂和嵌合抗原受体T细胞转移，在试验和临床实践中均显示出了令人鼓舞的结果。这些方法反映出人们越来越认识到肿瘤微环境在癌症发生和发展中的关键作用。癌细胞并非单独行动，而是与它们所处的环境形成了复杂的关系。宿主对肿瘤的免疫反应对于免疫疗法的成功至关重要；然而，这种反应的决定因素尚未完全了解。肿瘤中的免疫细胞浸润在密度、组成和临床意义上差异很大。肿瘤血管系统是微环境的关键组成部分，它可以影响肿瘤行为和治疗反应，并可通过使用抗血管生成药物进行靶向治疗。血管内皮细胞和淋巴管内皮细胞在免疫细胞的运输、控制微环境以及调节免疫反应中发挥着重要作用。通过使用抗血管生成药物改变血管来改善对肿瘤的供血，可能是一种与免疫疗法相结合的有效策略，并且可能适用于多种肿瘤类型。在这篇综述中，我们首先简要讨论宿主对癌症的免疫反应以及利用这种反应的治疗策略，然后重点关注肿瘤血管和淋巴管的病理特征以及它们对肿瘤免疫逃逸可能产生的影响。
