Soyer Tutku
Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
J Thorac Dis. 2016 Nov;8(11):3420-3426. doi: 10.21037/jtd.2016.11.87.
Bronchoscopy is endoscopic examination of airways that allows both diagnostic and interventional procedures in the evaluation of airway disease in children. It can be performed with either rigid or flexible instruments, depending on the particular needs of patients and skills of bronchoscopist. In addition to visualization of airways, bronchoscopy enables to obtain specimens from lungs and distal airways. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) yields samples from surfaces of the alveoli and aids differential diagnosis of various pulmonary disease. Foreign body removal and examination of anatomy and dynamics of airways are also common indications of bronchoscopy in children. Improvement in the technology, endoscopic instrumentation allows detailed evaluation and interventional manipulation of airway lesions in small children. Although bronchoscopy is considered as a safe procedure, obstruction of airway may challenge and require special endoscopic skills with appropriate instrumentation. This review is aimed to outline the role of bronchoscopy in diagnosis airway disease in children.
支气管镜检查是对气道进行的内镜检查，在评估儿童气道疾病时可进行诊断和介入操作。根据患者的具体需求和支气管镜检查医生的技术水平，可使用硬质或柔性器械进行操作。除了观察气道外，支气管镜检查还能够从肺部和远端气道获取标本。支气管肺泡灌洗（BAL）可从肺泡表面获取样本，有助于各种肺部疾病的鉴别诊断。取出异物以及检查气道的解剖结构和动态情况也是儿童支气管镜检查的常见适应证。随着技术的进步，内镜器械使对小儿气道病变进行详细评估和介入操作成为可能。尽管支气管镜检查被认为是一种安全的操作，但气道梗阻可能带来挑战，需要具备特殊的内镜技术和合适的器械。本综述旨在概述支气管镜检查在儿童气道疾病诊断中的作用。
