Saab Mohamad M, Landers Margaret, Hegarty Josephine
Catherine McAuley School of Nursing and Midwifery, University College Cork, Ireland.
Catherine McAuley School of Nursing and Midwifery, University College Cork, Ireland.
Eur J Oncol Nurs. 2017 Feb;26:27-35. doi: 10.1016/j.ejon.2016.11.001. Epub 2016 Dec 5.
Men's awareness of testicular disorders is lacking and their intention to seek help for testicular symptoms is sub-optimal. Studies conducted to explore and raise men's awareness of testicular disorders did not address their preferred learning strategies and failed to include men who are at risk for health inequities. The aim of this study was to explore, in-depth, the preferred strategies for learning about testicular disorders inclusive of testicular cancer among men who self-identify as heterosexual, gay, or bisexual.
Maximum variation and snowball sampling were used to recruit 29 men aged 18-47 years. Participation was sought from community and youth organizations and a university in the Republic of Ireland. Semi-structured individual interviews and focus groups were conducted. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Inductive analysis of manifest content was used.
Seventeen informants self-identified as heterosexual, 11 as gay, and one as bisexual. Four main categories emerged, namely: strategies to enhance awareness (television, internet, campaigns, print media), educational dos and don'ts (tailoring effective messages, drawbacks of national initiatives, ineffective learning strategies), implications of raising awareness (risks and benefits of increasing awareness), and learning among gay and bisexual men (learning needs and strategies).
Future studies promoting awareness of testicular disorders should take into account men's preferred learning strategies. National campaigns should be delivered frequently and altered occasionally in order to achieve a top-up effect. Clinicians are encouraged to educate young men about the seriousness of testicular symptoms and the importance of seeking timely medical attention for any abnormalities.
男性对睾丸疾病的认识不足，且他们因睾丸症状寻求帮助的意愿也不太理想。为探索和提高男性对睾丸疾病的认识而开展的研究，未涉及他们偏爱的学习策略，也未纳入存在健康不平等风险的男性。本研究的目的是深入探索自我认同为异性恋、男同性恋或双性恋的男性了解包括睾丸癌在内的睾丸疾病的偏好策略。
采用最大差异抽样和滚雪球抽样法招募了29名年龄在18至47岁之间的男性。研究向爱尔兰共和国的社区组织、青年组织和一所大学寻求参与者。开展了半结构化的个人访谈和焦点小组讨论。访谈进行了录音，并逐字转录。采用了对显性内容的归纳分析方法。
17名受访者自我认同为异性恋，11名认同为男同性恋，1名认同为双性恋。出现了四个主要类别，即：提高认识的策略（电视、互联网、宣传活动、印刷媒体）、教育的注意事项（定制有效的信息、国家倡议的缺点、无效的学习策略）、提高认识的影响（提高认识的风险和益处）以及男同性恋和双性恋男性中的学习情况（学习需求和策略）。
未来提高睾丸疾病认识的研究应考虑男性偏爱的学习策略。国家宣传活动应经常开展，并偶尔进行调整，以达到强化效果。鼓励临床医生向年轻男性宣传睾丸症状的严重性以及对任何异常情况及时寻求医疗关注的重要性。
