Acker Jason P, Marks Denese C, Sheffield William P
Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
J Blood Transfus. 2016;2016:4860284. doi: 10.1155/2016/4860284. Epub 2016 Dec 14.
Blood is donated either as whole blood, with subsequent component processing, or through the use of apheresis devices that extract one or more components and return the rest of the donation to the donor. Blood component therapy supplanted whole blood transfusion in industrialized countries in the middle of the twentieth century and remains the standard of care for the majority of patients receiving a transfusion. Traditionally, blood has been processed into three main blood products: red blood cell concentrates; platelet concentrates; and transfusable plasma. Ensuring that these products are of high quality and that they deliver their intended benefits to patients throughout their shelf-life is a complex task. Further complexity has been added with the development of products stored under nonstandard conditions or subjected to additional manufacturing steps (e.g., cryopreserved platelets, irradiated red cells, and lyophilized plasma). Here we review established and emerging methodologies for assessing blood product quality and address controversies and uncertainties in this thriving and active field of investigation.
血液捐献方式有两种，一种是捐献全血，随后进行成分处理；另一种是使用血液成分分离设备，提取一种或多种成分，然后将其余的捐献物回输给捐献者。在二十世纪中叶，血液成分疗法在工业化国家取代了全血输血，并且仍然是大多数接受输血患者的标准治疗方法。传统上，血液被加工成三种主要血液制品：红细胞浓缩物、血小板浓缩物和可输注血浆。确保这些产品质量高，并在其保质期内为患者带来预期益处，是一项复杂的任务。随着在非标准条件下储存或经过额外制造步骤的产品（例如，冷冻保存的血小板、辐照红细胞和冻干血浆）的开发，情况变得更加复杂。在此，我们综述了评估血液制品质量的既定方法和新兴方法，并探讨了这个蓬勃发展且活跃的研究领域中的争议和不确定性。
