Medda Emanuela, Santini Ferruccio, De Angelis Simona, Franzellin Fabrizio, Fiumalbi Carla, Perico Andrea, Gilardi Enzo, Mechi Maria Teresa, Marsili Alessandro, Citroni Angela, Leandri Adaniele, Mantovani Alberto, Vitti Paolo, Olivieri Antonella
National Centre for Epidemiology Surveillance and Health Promotion, Italian National Institute of Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
Endocrinology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy.
Environ Res. 2017 Apr;154:152-159. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.12.019. Epub 2017 Jan 7.
Italy is still characterized by a mild iodine deficiency and is among the most intensive users of chemical products for agriculture in Europe. The aim of this study was i) to evaluate thyroid effects of exposure to mancozeb, a fungicide widely used in agriculture, in a sample of Italian grapevine workers, and ii) to verify whether the iodine intake may modulate the risk of thyroid disruption due to the mancozeb metabolite ethylenthiourea (ETU).
One hundred seventy-seven occupationally exposed male workers (29 from Chianti, a mild iodine deficient area, and 148 from Bolzano an iodine sufficient province) and 74 non-occupationally exposed male controls (34 from Chianti and 40 from Bolzano) were enrolled in the study. Serum biomarkers of thyroid function, as well as urinary iodine and ETU concentrations were assessed. Moreover all the recruited subjects underwent clinical examination and thyroid ultrasound.
Multivariate comparisons showed lower mean serum levels of FT4 in Chianti-workers as compared to Bolzano-workers. Moreover, an increased urinary iodine excretion (>250µg/L) was more frequently found among more exposed workers (ETU>20µg/L) than among less exposed ones and this effect was more pronounced in Chianti- than in Bolzano-workers. Chianti-workers also showed a significantly higher frequency of very low thyroid volume (≤6.0ml) as compared to controls.
These findings showed a mild thyroid disrupting effect due to occupational exposure to mancozeb, more pronounced in workers residing in an area characterized by a mild to moderate iodine deficiency as compared to workers residing in an area covered by a long-lasting iodine prophylaxis program.
意大利仍存在轻度碘缺乏问题，且是欧洲农业化学品使用最为密集的国家之一。本研究的目的是：i）在一组意大利葡萄种植工人样本中，评估接触农业中广泛使用的杀菌剂代森锰锌对甲状腺的影响；ii）验证碘摄入量是否可调节因代森锰锌代谢物乙撑硫脲（ETU）导致的甲状腺功能紊乱风险。
本研究纳入了177名职业暴露男性工人（其中29名来自轻度碘缺乏地区基安蒂，148名来自碘充足省份博尔扎诺）和74名非职业暴露男性对照（34名来自基安蒂，40名来自博尔扎诺）。评估了甲状腺功能的血清生物标志物以及尿碘和ETU浓度。此外，所有招募的受试者均接受了临床检查和甲状腺超声检查。
多变量比较显示，与博尔扎诺工人相比，基安蒂工人的血清FT4平均水平较低。此外，在暴露程度较高的工人（ETU>20μg/L）中，尿碘排泄增加（>250μg/L）的情况比暴露程度较低的工人更常见，且这种效应在基安蒂工人中比在博尔扎诺工人中更明显。与对照组相比，基安蒂工人甲状腺体积极低（≤6.0ml）的频率也显著更高。
这些发现表明，职业接触代森锰锌会产生轻度甲状腺干扰效应，与居住在长期实施碘预防计划地区的工人相比，居住在轻度至中度碘缺乏地区的工人这种效应更为明显。
