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超越年龄歧视态度:研究人员呼吁 NIH 采取行动限制对老年学者的资助。

Beyond Ageist Attitudes: Researchers Call for NIH Action to Limit Funding for Older Academics.

机构信息

Department of Sociology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.

Department of Psychology, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio.

出版信息

Gerontologist. 2018 Mar 19;58(2):251-260. doi: 10.1093/geront/gnw190.

DOI:10.1093/geront/gnw190
PMID:28073997
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5946956/
Abstract

PURPOSE

This article explores manifestations of ageism in response to a proposed National Institutes of Health (NIH) Emeritus Grant initiative aimed at funding older investigators.

DESIGN AND METHODS

Comments were requested by NIH in 2015, through a Request for Information (RFI) as well as a public blog regarding the merits of a proposed grant mechanism that would help older researchers transfer their labs to junior scientists and transition into retirement. This article reports content analysis of comments from 134 respondents to the blog.

RESULTS

We found consistent patterns of disapproval of the proposed NIH initiative, which was viewed by most respondents as an undeserved benefit for older scientists. Negative attitudes were also expressed toward senior investigators by a large majority of commenters. In addition to broad opposition to new grant funding for senior investigators, many commenters also advocated for other punitive actions toward older investigators, including forced retirement. These opinions were generally justified by negative appraisals of senior investigators' competence, productivity, and even their character. Ageist comments were not limited to younger researchers, suggesting potential internalized ageism by older investigators.

IMPLICATIONS

We discuss manifestations of ageism and advocacy for age discrimination in the broader social context of modernization theory, intergenerational conflict and social closure. Our findings raise important questions about the limited value of higher education in counteracting prejudice toward older people. We propose potential remedies to reduce ageism in academia.

摘要

目的

本文探讨了年龄歧视的表现形式,以回应美国国立卫生研究院(NIH)拟推出的名誉研究员资助计划。该计划旨在为老年研究员提供资金。

设计与方法

NIH 于 2015 年通过信息请求(RFI)以及关于拟议资助机制的公共博客征求意见,该机制旨在帮助老年研究人员将实验室转移给年轻科学家,并过渡到退休生活。本文报告了对博客评论的 134 名回复者的内容分析结果。

结果

我们发现,大多数回复者一致反对 NIH 的拟议计划,他们认为这是对老年科学家的不应得的好处。大多数评论者也对资深研究员持负面态度。除了强烈反对为资深研究员提供新的资助外,许多评论者还主张对老年研究员采取其他惩罚性措施,包括强制退休。这些观点通常是基于对资深研究员能力、生产力甚至性格的负面评价。年龄歧视言论不仅限于年轻研究人员,这表明老年研究员可能存在内化的年龄歧视。

影响

我们在现代化理论、代际冲突和社会封闭等更广泛的社会背景下讨论了年龄歧视的表现形式和对年龄歧视的倡导。我们的发现提出了一个重要问题,即高等教育在对抗对老年人的偏见方面的价值有限。我们提出了一些潜在的补救措施,以减少学术界的年龄歧视。

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Longitudinal associations between perceived age discrimination and subjective well-being: variations by age and subjective life expectancy.感知到的年龄歧视与主观幸福感之间的纵向关联:按年龄和主观预期寿命的变化
Aging Ment Health. 2017 Jul;21(7):761-765. doi: 10.1080/13607863.2016.1156050. Epub 2016 Mar 16.
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The Academy Is Aging in Place: Assessing Alternatives for Modifying Institutions of Higher Education.学院正在原地老龄化:评估修改高等教育机构的替代方案。
Gerontologist. 2017 Oct 1;57(5):816-823. doi: 10.1093/geront/gnw001.
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A generation at risk: young investigators and the future of the biomedical workforce.一代人处于危险之中:年轻的研究人员和生物医学劳动力的未来。
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NIH research funding and early career physician scientists: continuing challenges in the 21st century.NIH 研究经费与 21 世纪早期职业医师科学家:持续面临的挑战
FASEB J. 2014 Mar;28(3):1049-58. doi: 10.1096/fj.13-241687. Epub 2013 Dec 2.
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Act your (old) age: prescriptive, ageist biases over succession, consumption, and identity.表现你的(老年)年龄:关于继任、消费和身份的规定性、年龄歧视偏见。
Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 2013 Jun;39(6):720-34. doi: 10.1177/0146167213480043. Epub 2013 Mar 6.
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Facebook as a site for negative age stereotypes.脸书作为一个存在负面年龄刻板印象的平台。
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An inconvenienced youth? Ageism and its potential intergenerational roots.一个不便的年轻人?年龄歧视及其潜在的代际根源。
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