Zare Mehrjardi Mohammad, Poretti Andrea, Huisman Thierry A G M, Werner Heron, Keshavarz Elham, Araujo Júnior Edward
Department of Radiology, Shohada Tajrish Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Section of Pediatric Neuroradiology, Division of Pediatric Radiology, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Jpn J Radiol. 2017 Mar;35(3):89-94. doi: 10.1007/s11604-016-0609-4. Epub 2017 Jan 10.
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne arbovirus from the Flaviviridae family. It had caused several epidemics since its discovery in 1947, but there was no significant attention to this virus until the recent outbreak in Brazil in 2015. The main concern is the causal relationship between prenatal ZIKV infection and congenital microcephaly, which has been confirmed recently. Moreover, ZIKV may cause other central nervous system abnormalities such as brain parenchymal atrophy with secondary ventriculomegaly, intracranial calcification, malformations of cortical development (such as polymicrogyria, and lissencephaly-pachygyria), agenesis/hypoplasia of the corpus callosum, cerebellar and brainstem hypoplasia, sensorineural hearing-loss, and ocular abnormalities as well as arthrogryposis in the infected fetuses. Postnatal (acquired) ZIKV infection usually has an asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic course, while prenatal (congenital) ZIKV infection has a more severe course and may cause severe brain anomalies that are described as congenital Zika syndrome. In this pictorial essay, we aim to illustrate the prenatal and postnatal neuroimaging findings that may be seen in fetuses and neonates with congenital Zika syndrome, and will discuss possible radiological differential diagnoses. A detailed knowledge of these findings is paramount for an early correct diagnosis, prognosis determination, and counseling of the affected children and families.
寨卡病毒（ZIKV）是一种由蚊子传播的黄病毒科虫媒病毒。自1947年被发现以来，它已引发了数次疫情，但直到2015年巴西最近爆发疫情之前，该病毒都未受到显著关注。主要担忧的是产前寨卡病毒感染与先天性小头畸形之间的因果关系，这一点最近已得到证实。此外，寨卡病毒可能会导致其他中枢神经系统异常，如伴有继发性脑室扩大的脑实质萎缩、颅内钙化、皮质发育畸形（如多小脑回、无脑回-巨脑回）、胼胝体发育不全/发育不良、小脑和脑干发育不全、感音神经性听力损失、眼部异常以及受感染胎儿的关节挛缩。产后（获得性）寨卡病毒感染通常病程无症状或症状轻微，而产前（先天性）寨卡病毒感染病程则更为严重，可能会导致被称为先天性寨卡综合征的严重脑异常。在这篇图文并茂的文章中，我们旨在阐述先天性寨卡综合征胎儿和新生儿可能出现的产前和产后神经影像学表现，并将讨论可能的放射学鉴别诊断。详细了解这些表现对于早期正确诊断、预后判定以及为受影响儿童和家庭提供咨询至关重要。
