[Herpes simplex encephalitis].

Herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) is a rare disease, although it is the most common form of sporadic encephalitis worldwide. Recently, studies have provided important new insight into the genetic and immunological basis of HSE. However, even in the presence of antiviral treatment, mortality and morbidity remain relatively high. Therefore, precise and early diagnosis together with basic and clinical studies to gain better insight into the pathogenesis of HSE is a prerequisite for the development of improved prophylaxis and treatment of this severe disease.