Bureau of Meteorology, Docklands, 3007, Australia.
Monash University, Clayton, 3800, Australia.
Sci Rep. 2017 Jan 11;7:40359. doi: 10.1038/srep40359.
Phenomena such as cyclones, fronts and thunderstorms can cause extreme weather in various regions throughout the world. Although these phenomena have been examined in numerous studies, they have not all been systematically examined in combination with each other, including in relation to extreme precipitation and extreme winds throughout the world. Consequently, the combined influence of these phenomena represents a substantial gap in the current understanding of the causes of extreme weather events. Here we present a systematic analysis of cyclones, fronts and thunderstorms in combination with each other, as represented by seven different types of storm combinations. Our results highlight the storm combinations that most frequently cause extreme weather in various regions of the world. The highest risk of extreme precipitation and extreme wind speeds is found to be associated with a triple storm type characterized by concurrent cyclone, front and thunderstorm occurrences. Our findings reveal new insight on the relationships between cyclones, fronts and thunderstorms and clearly demonstrate the importance of concurrent phenomena in causing extreme weather.
气旋、锋面和雷暴等现象会在世界各地的不同地区引发极端天气。尽管这些现象在众多研究中都有被研究过，但它们并没有被系统地结合起来进行研究，包括与世界各地的极端降水和极端风的关系。因此，这些现象的综合影响是目前对极端天气事件原因理解的一个重大空白。在这里，我们提出了一种系统的分析方法，将气旋、锋面和雷暴结合起来，用七种不同类型的风暴组合来表示。我们的结果突出了在世界不同地区最常引发极端天气的风暴组合。结果表明，同时出现气旋、锋面和雷暴的三重风暴类型与极端降水和极端风速的风险最高。我们的研究结果揭示了气旋、锋面和雷暴之间关系的新见解，并清楚地表明了并发现象在引发极端天气方面的重要性。
