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硬金属肺疾病:病例系列。

Hard metal lung disease: a case series.

机构信息

Divisão de Pneumologia, Instituto do Coração, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (SP) Brasil.

Disciplina de Pneumologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (SP) Brasil.

出版信息

J Bras Pneumol. 2016 Nov-Dec;42(6):447-452. doi: 10.1590/S1806-37562016000000260.

DOI:10.1590/S1806-37562016000000260
PMID:28117477
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5344095/
Abstract

OBJECTIVE

: To describe diagnostic and treatment aspects of hard metal lung disease (HMLD) and to review the current literature on the topic.

METHODS

: This was a retrospective study based on the medical records of patients treated at the Occupational Respiratory Diseases Clinic of the Instituto do Coração, in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, between 2010 and 2013.

RESULTS

: Of 320 patients treated during the study period, 5 (1.56%) were diagnosed with HMLD. All of those 5 patients were male (mean age, 42.0 ± 13.6 years; mean duration of exposure to hard metals, 11.4 ± 8.0 years). Occupational histories were taken, after which the patients underwent clinical evaluation, chest HRCT, pulmonary function tests, bronchoscopy, BAL, and lung biopsy. Restrictive lung disease was found in all subjects. The most common chest HRCT finding was ground glass opacities (in 80%). In 4 patients, BALF revealed multinucleated giant cells. In 3 patients, lung biopsy revealed giant cell interstitial pneumonia. One patient was diagnosed with desquamative interstitial pneumonia associated with cellular bronchiolitis, and another was diagnosed with a hypersensitivity pneumonitis pattern. All patients were withdrawn from exposure and treated with corticosteroid. Clinical improvement occurred in 2 patients, whereas the disease progressed in 3.

CONCLUSIONS

: Although HMLD is a rare entity, it should always be included in the differential diagnosis of respiratory dysfunction in workers with a high occupational risk of exposure to hard metal particles. A relevant history (clinical and occupational) accompanied by chest HRCT and BAL findings suggestive of the disease might be sufficient for the diagnosis.

OBJETIVO

: Descrever aspectos relacionados ao diagnóstico e tratamento de pacientes com doença pulmonar por metal duro (DPMD) e realizar uma revisão da literatura.

MÉTODOS:: Estudo retrospectivo dos prontuários médicos de pacientes atendidos no Serviço de Doenças Respiratórias Ocupacionais do Instituto do Coração, localizado na cidade de São Paulo, entre 2010 e 2013.

RESULTADOS

: Entre 320 pacientes atendidos no período do estudo, 5 (1,56%) foram diagnosticados com DPMD. Todos os pacientes eram do sexo masculino, com média de idade de 42,0 ± 13,6 anos e média de tempo de exposição a metal duro de 11,4 ± 8,0 anos. Os pacientes foram submetidos a avaliação clinica, história ocupacional, TCAR de tórax, prova de função pulmonar, broncoscopia com LBA e biópsia pulmonar. Todos apresentaram distúrbio ventilatório restritivo. O achado de imagem à TCAR de tórax mais frequente foi de opacidades em vidro fosco (em 80%). Em 4 pacientes, o LBA revelou presença de células gigantes multinucleadas. Em 3, foi diagnosticada pneumonia intersticial por células gigantes na biópsia pulmonar. Houve o diagnóstico de pneumonia intersticial descamativa associada à bronquiolite celular em 1 paciente e de pneumonite de hipersensibilidade em 1. Todos foram afastados da exposição e tratados com corticoide. Houve melhora em 2 pacientes e progressão da doença em 3.

CONCLUSÕES:: Apesar de ser uma entidade rara, a DPMD deve ser sempre considerada em trabalhadores com risco ocupacional elevado de exposição a metais duros. A história clínica e ocupacional associada a achados em TCAR de tórax e LBA sugestivos da doença podem ser suficientes para o diagnóstico.

摘要

目的

描述硬金属肺疾病(HMLD)的诊断和治疗方面,并回顾该主题的当前文献。

方法

这是一项基于巴西圣保罗市 Instituto do Coração 职业呼吸道疾病诊所治疗的患者病历的回顾性研究,研究时间为 2010 年至 2013 年。

结果

在研究期间治疗的 320 名患者中,有 5 名(1.56%)被诊断为 HMLD。这 5 名患者均为男性(平均年龄 42.0±13.6 岁;接触硬金属的平均时间 11.4±8.0 年)。在进行临床评估之前,我们进行了职业史采集。之后,所有患者都进行了胸部高分辨率计算机断层扫描(HRCT)、肺功能测试、支气管镜检查、支气管肺泡灌洗(BAL)和肺活检。所有患者均发现有肺限制性疾病。最常见的胸部 HRCT 发现是磨玻璃影(80%)。4 名患者的 BALF 显示有多核巨细胞。3 名患者的肺活检显示巨细胞间质性肺炎。1 名患者被诊断为伴有细胞性细支气管炎的间质性肺炎,另 1 名患者被诊断为过敏反应性肺炎。所有患者均停止接触并接受皮质类固醇治疗。2 名患者病情改善,3 名患者病情进展。

结论

尽管 HMLD 是一种罕见的疾病,但在有高职业性暴露于硬金属颗粒风险的劳动者中,它应始终被纳入呼吸功能障碍的鉴别诊断中。相关的(临床和职业)病史,伴有胸部 HRCT 和 BAL 结果提示该疾病,可能足以做出诊断。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/092f/5344095/baea61c00e40/1806-3713-jbpneu-42-06-00447-gf4.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/092f/5344095/716b0011a506/1806-3713-jbpneu-42-06-00447-gf1.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/092f/5344095/9586b308bcd0/1806-3713-jbpneu-42-06-00447-gf3.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/092f/5344095/baea61c00e40/1806-3713-jbpneu-42-06-00447-gf4.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/092f/5344095/716b0011a506/1806-3713-jbpneu-42-06-00447-gf1.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/092f/5344095/9586b308bcd0/1806-3713-jbpneu-42-06-00447-gf3.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/092f/5344095/baea61c00e40/1806-3713-jbpneu-42-06-00447-gf4.jpg

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Two cases of hard metal lung disease showing gradual improvement in pulmonary function after avoiding dust exposure.两例硬质合金肺疾病患者在避免粉尘暴露后肺功能逐渐改善。
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