Yamasaki Akinori, Noda Nobuo N
Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation, Tokyo 141-0021, Japan.
Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation, Tokyo 141-0021, Japan.
J Mol Biol. 2017 Feb 17;429(4):531-542. doi: 10.1016/j.jmb.2017.01.003. Epub 2017 Jan 7.
Macroautophagy is a degradation process in which autophagosomes are generated to isolate and transport various materials, including damaged organelles and protein aggregates, as cargos to the lysosomes or vacuoles. Bulk autophagy is one of the two types of macroautophagy, which is triggered by starvation and targets non-specific cargos. The second type, that is, selective autophagy, identifies and preferentially degrades specific cargos via receptor recognition. Cytoplasm-to-vacuole targeting (Cvt) is a selective autophagy pathway that specifically transports vacuolar hydrolases into the vacuole in budding yeast cells and has been extensively studied as a model of selective autophagy. In the present review, we focused on the Cvt pathway, especially on the recent structural insights into cargo assembly, receptor recognition, and recruitment mechanisms of the Cvt machinery. Elucidating the Cvt pathway would help in understanding the basic molecular mechanisms of various types of selective autophagy.
巨自噬是一种降解过程，其中自噬体生成以隔离和运输各种物质，包括受损细胞器和蛋白质聚集体等货物至溶酶体或液泡。整体自噬是巨自噬的两种类型之一，由饥饿触发并靶向非特异性货物。第二种类型即选择性自噬，通过受体识别来识别并优先降解特定货物。细胞质到液泡靶向运输（Cvt）是一种选择性自噬途径，可将液泡水解酶特异性运输到出芽酵母细胞的液泡中，并作为选择性自噬的模型得到广泛研究。在本综述中，我们聚焦于Cvt途径，尤其是对Cvt机制的货物组装、受体识别和募集机制的最新结构见解。阐明Cvt途径将有助于理解各种类型选择性自噬的基本分子机制。
