The experience of anger in chronic illness: a preliminary investigation.

The experience of anger was investigated in relation to essential hypertension, in particular, and chronic disease states, in general. A hypertensive patient group was compared to a chronic disease control group (diabetics) and a nonpatient normotensive control group on measures of anger expression, assertiveness, and perceptions of health status. The chronic patient groups differed significantly from the nonpatient controls in reporting more anger in general, greater frequency of anger experiences, and a tendency to express anger more outwardly. The chronic patient groups also reported greater severity of health problems. Comparisons between the hypertensives and diabetics revealed a greater level of current anger among diabetics. The findings are discussed in terms of their implications for anger and chronic illness. Suggestions for future research regarding anger and hypertension also are made.