Hogan Brenda E, Linden Wolfgang
University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
Ann Behav Med. 2004 Feb;27(1):38-49. doi: 10.1207/s15324796abm2701_6.
Research on anger suggests a link with blood pressure (BP), but the findings are complex and highly variable; this is at least partly attributable to measurement issues.
In this study we used a new model of anger responding that comprises 6 independent anger response styles in 2 dimensions: Aggression, Assertion, Social Support Seeking, Diffusion, Avoidance, and Rumination. Linear and interactive relations between the anger response styles and resting and ambulatory BP were tested, controlling for traditional risk factors and level of hostility.
Data from 2 samples of different cardiovascular health status were examined. In Study 1, 109 healthy participants (45 men and 64 women) were recruited. Study 2 involved a sample of 159 hypertensive patients (90 men and 69 women). All participants provided demographic and health information; completed the Behavioral Anger Response Questionnaire, a hostility measure; and underwent resting BP measurement. Study 2 participants also provided 24-hr ambulatory BPs.
Examination of linear effects revealed inconsistent associations between anger response styles and BP. The moderating effect of Rumination on the relationship between the other anger response styles and BP was examined next. Rumination had a deleterious influence on the relation between Avoidance and Assertion and resting and ambulatory BP levels. The moderating influence of Rumination on Social Support Seeking varied between the genders.
Overall, the results suggest that rumination is a critical moderating variable in the relation of anger and BP.
关于愤怒的研究表明其与血压（BP）之间存在联系，但研究结果复杂且差异很大；这至少部分归因于测量问题。
在本研究中，我们使用了一种新的愤怒反应模型，该模型在两个维度上包含6种独立的愤怒反应方式：攻击、主张、寻求社会支持、分散、回避和沉思。在控制传统风险因素和敌意水平的情况下，测试了愤怒反应方式与静息血压和动态血压之间的线性和交互关系。
检查了来自不同心血管健康状况的两个样本的数据。在研究1中，招募了109名健康参与者（45名男性和64名女性）。研究2涉及159名高血压患者的样本（90名男性和69名女性）。所有参与者提供了人口统计学和健康信息；完成了行为愤怒反应问卷（一种敌意测量工具）；并进行了静息血压测量。研究2的参与者还提供了24小时动态血压数据。
对线性效应的检查显示，愤怒反应方式与血压之间的关联不一致。接下来检查了沉思对其他愤怒反应方式与血压之间关系的调节作用。沉思对回避与主张以及静息血压和动态血压水平之间的关系有有害影响。沉思对寻求社会支持的调节影响在不同性别之间有所不同。
总体而言，结果表明沉思是愤怒与血压关系中的一个关键调节变量。
